Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: a cluster survey study

Reza, Avid; Breiding, Matthew J.; Gulaid, J. A.; Mercy, James A.; Blanton, Curtis; Mthethwa, Zodwa; Bamrah, Sapna; Dahlberg, Linda L.; Anderson, Michael C.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60247-6

Cited by 167 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…However, although we do not discount the high rates of sexual abuse reported from African countries, 31 at the population level penetrative forced sex during childhood occurs at a much lower frequency than does exposure to HIV at birth and in infancy in this region, with the possible exception of South Africa. 32 The thematic analysis performed may be subject to interpretivism (i.e., constructs created by the investigators) in that the views of the participants were constructed by the study investigators, and thus verbatim quotes have been provided to illustrate the main themes. Vertically infected HIV-positive adolescents face formidable barriers to accessing diagnosis, including incapacitating ill health, vulnerability following parental illness and death, the need to be accompanied by a guardian able to provide consent, and a lack of appropriate health information materials and messaging to encourage patients and health providers to consider long-term survival with maternally acquired infection as a cause of ill health in adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

et al. 2011

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Objectives. We investigated attitudes toward provider-initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) in the suburbs of Harare, Zimbabwe, where late presentation after mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT) is a major cause of adolescent mortality. Methods. Adolescents (10–18 years) attending 2 primary clinics were offered PITC. Participants completed a questionnaire investigating acceptability of PITC, and in-depth interviews with 41 adolescents and 30 guardians explored understanding of long-term survival after MTCT. Results. Of 506 participants, 16 were known to be HIV-positive; of the remaining 490, only 5 (1%) declined HIV testing. Infected adolescents and their guardians often anticipated a positive result and reported being advised by relatives (but not health workers) to be tested because of chronic illness, especially if parents or siblings had died or were HIV-infected. However, HIV-negative participants were not aware that long-term survival following MTCT could occur. All adolescents felt that HIV diagnosed at their age would be assumed to have been sexually acquired regardless of the true mode of transmission. Conclusions. Including late diagnosis of MTCT in pretest counseling and health educational messages may facilitate PITC for older children and adolescents, especially for those who have not had their sexual debut.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

et al. 2011

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“…2 In Swaziland, sexual violence in girls has been associated with suicidal thoughts, unwanted pregnancy, complications during pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. 5 Girls who have experienced sexual violence have also been found to be at greater risk for sexual victimization as adults. 6,7 Demographic and environmental risk factors Several demographic characteristics have been positively associated with sexual violence in childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 The perpetrators of the sexual violence tend to be men or boys from the victim's neighbourhood, boyfriends or husbands and strangers, and the violent episode most often takes place in the girl's home, in a public area or in the house of a friend, relative or neighbour. 5 Roughly 43% of the girls affected have experienced not just one, but multiple incidents of sexual violence. 5 In sub-Saharan Africa, few national studies addressing potential risk factors for childhood sexual violence have been conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with sexual violence towards girls in Swaziland

Breiding

Reza

Gulaid

et al. 2011

Bull. World Health Organ.

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“…Child sexual abuse prevention programs are of value because they provide information, support and empowerment [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Abuse Prevention Program for School Age Children

Aziz¹,

Ismail²,

Ahmed³

2017

AJNS

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Abstract:Child sexual abuse is one of the most studied childhood traumatic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sexual abuse prevention program for school age children. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized to fulfill the aim of this study. Setting: The present study was conducted at one Primary School in Benha City. Sample: 100 students from previously mentioned setting by using a multi stage simple random sample technique were used in this study. Tools: Two tools were used in data collection, a structured interviewing questionnaire and pre/post child sexual abuse likert scale to assess children attitude. Result: Indicated that 74% of boys and 80% of girls aged 11 ≤ 12 years, 37.0% of boys and 35.0% of girls were exposed to sexual abuse at home, 73% and 46% of the studied school age children had unsatisfactory knowledge about sexual abuse prevention, in boys and girls respectively pre program, while 84% and 95% of them had satisfactory knowledge post program in boys and girls respectively. There were significant positive correlation of total children' knowledge and attitude with their age, gender, exposure to sexual abuse and parent relationship. Conclusion: The study concluded that the prevention program lead to significant improvement in children knowledge and attitude about sexual abuse prevention. Recommendation: Parents must be involved in the process of sexual abuse prevention and provision of instructional booklets for children to increase self protection knowledge and skills to avoid child sexual abuse.

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Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: a cluster survey study

Abstract: SummaryBackground Despite concern, few studies have been done about sexual violence against girls younger than 18 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. We report the prevalence and circumstances of sexual violence in girls in Swaziland, and assess the negative health consequences.

Cited by 167 publications

References 13 publications

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

Perception of Risk of Vertically Acquired HIV Infection and Acceptability of Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling Among Adolescents in Zimbabwe

Risk factors associated with sexual violence towards girls in Swaziland

Sexual Abuse Prevention Program for School Age Children

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