SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Noval Therapuetic Agent in the Treatment of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Sodium Glucose Co-transporter2 inhibitors are one of the latest anti diabetic drugs that are approved by USFDA. It include Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin , Ipragliflozin,Empagliflozin, Tofogliflozin,and Luscogliflozin. They act by inhibiting tubular reabsorption of glucose in kidney and increasing urinary excretion of glucose. SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the workload of the proximal tubules and improve tubulointerstitial hypoxia, and allow fibroblasts to start normal erythropoietin production, and thereby exhibit renoprotection .These drugs have beneficial role in the reduction of HbA1c, cardiovascular risk factors and proteinuria. Use of SGLT2 inhibitor is contraindicated in patients with estimated GFR less than 30 mL/min or End stage renal failure Genitourinary infections are most common adverse effects associated with these drugs, predominantly in female.
 Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Hyperfiltration, Natriuresis, Macroalbuminuria, Endothelial dysfunction, Intraglomerular filtration, ketoacidosis, amputations, apoptosis