Shadowing of a bioenergetic species in soybean development: an analysis of the feasibility potential of this integration

Abstract

There is currently a lack of information in the literature on the integrated production of macauba (Acrocomia aculeata) and soybean (Glycine max) crops, and the importance of expanding integrated production systems; therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the effects of macauba shading on growth, development, and productivity of different soybean cultivars. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (4 × 2), with four cultivars and two production systems (monoculture and crop-forest integration), and four replicates per treatment. All soybean cultivars in the crop-forest integration system showed plant stagnation due to the shade level of the palm trees, as well as a reduction in the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the leaves. Regarding reproductive parameters, grain, and oil yield, the cultivars responded differently between the production systems, revealing an interaction between the genotype and the environment. Our methodology was not favorable to soybean production; therefore, the management of spacing between palm trees and the selection of soybean genotypes that are more adapted to shaded environments are strategies that can allow for the integrated production of these species.

Trait prediction through computational intelligence and machine learning applied to soybean (Glycine max) breeding in shaded environments

“…The obstacle lies in the choice of genetic materials for soybean. The shade provided by a different crop or by the presence of trees induces physiological and/or morphology changes in soybeans (Cheng et al, 2022; Avelino et al, 2023). This influences productivity and quality performance due to a significant reduction of photosynthetically active radiation (Werner et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2014).…”

Analysis of morphological characters in soybean plants submitted to different levels of artificial shading

“…Solar radiation is related, besides photosynthesis, to the elongation of the main stem and branches, leaf expansion, pod and grain setting and biological fixation in soybean culture (Câmara, 2000). Artificial shading in soybeans shows a reduction in dry matter and seed production (Schou et al, 1978) and in studies of soybean performance in agroforestry systems (soybean and macauba) the growth and productivity characteristics of the soybean crop were influenced by the shading caused by macauba (Avelino et al, 2023).…”