Shake table studies of a highway bridge model by allowing the sliding of laminated-rubber bearings with and without restraining devices

Xiang, Nailiang; Alam, M. Shahria; Li, Jianzhong

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.05.121

Cited by 62 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It can be seen that the model mainly includes the damping characteristic and the connection stiffness, which are in series with each other and in accordance with the actual damper characteristics. [10][11][12][13] The restoring force expression of Maxwell model is as follows…”

Section: Seismic Isolation Principle and Mechanical Model Of Fvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the damping efficiency of continuous beam bridge with constant cross-section applied by lead rubber bearings and fluid viscous dampers

Leihua

et al. 2020

Noise & Vibration Worldwide

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Bridges are the lifelines of disasters in earthquake areas. Therefore, it is very necessary to ensure the safety and traffic function after earthquake. Seismic isolation refers to install external energy dissipation devices or external energy input devices in specific parts of engineering structures. There are certain differences in longitudinal and transverse seismic responses of multi-span continuous beam bridges by changing the seismic dynamic characteristics or dynamic effects of structures. It is difficult to achieve the purpose of seismic isolation in both horizontal directions using isolation devices alone. The rubber deformation ability of lead rubber bearings can effectively insulate, and the yield energy consumption ability of its lead core can effectively consume the seismic energy for damping. The horizontal resistance is very small under the creep load, and the stiffness decreases rapidly after yielding under the strong dynamic earthquake load; meanwhile, the seismic energy is dissipated by the hysteresis of bearing. Fluid viscous damper is a velocity-dependent energy dissipation device, which produces viscous damping force, provides strong restoring force for components, and has a good limit function. This process will also dissipate the seismic energy, so as to reduce the structural earthquake response. Using these two methods together, the horizontal seismic responses of multi-span continuous beam bridges can be effectively controlled at the same time. Based on this idea, this article takes a high-speed multi-span continuous beam bridge with equal section as the engineering background, and uses dynamic time history analysis method to discuss the seismic isolation effect of lead rubber bearings and fluid viscous dampers.

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Section: Seismic Isolation Principle and Mechanical Model Of Fvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the damping efficiency of continuous beam bridge with constant cross-section applied by lead rubber bearings and fluid viscous dampers

Leihua

et al. 2020

Noise & Vibration Worldwide

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“…The displacement value of the top of the left pier in Northridge earthquake is the closest to the test result, with a minimum error of 0.75%, while the displacement of the bottom of the right pier is quite different from the test result, with a maximum error of 12.42%. The main reason for this is that (1) there are errors between the measured values and actual values [45,46]; and, (2) like most researchers, we assumed the consolidation form of the structure foundation in this paper, leading to a difference in the analysis result between the actual test model and numerical model and thereby a difference between the calculation result and the experimental result. However, this error is small enough to meet the requirements for precision in this study [47][48][49].…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Effectiveness of Multiple Seismic Measures on a Continuous Girder Bridge

Shi

Liu

2020

Applied Sciences

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Seismic hazards, such as bridge pounding, unseating, collapse, etc., cause significant economic losses and affect traffic and safety. Research on seismic measures, such as limiting and unseating prevention devices for the bridge, can effectively prevent damage to the bearings, such as excessive displacement, the pounding of the beam end, etc., in an earthquake. In this paper, the dynamic time-history analysis method was used to study the mechanical behaviors of the bridge structure, such as its seismic performance, structural displacement, pier bending moment, etc. We found that different combinations of seismic measures can effectively reduce the displacement at the bridge expansion joint and bearings. The joint application of an expansion device, restrainer, and unseating prevention devices shows the best limiting effect on bridge displacement and expansion joint displacement. The maximum reduction of bridge expansion joint displacement reaches 48% and is within the allowable deformation range of an expansion device in a large earthquake, and the maximum reduction of bearing displacement reaches 34%, which only slightly exceeds the shear deformation of the bearing. The expansion device, restrainer, and unseating prevention devices have smaller internal forces in this case than other cases, without damage. In contrast to the previous studies on single seismic measures of unseating restrainers, this study investigates the combination of multiple seismic measures and earthquakes of various magnitude. It reveals the catastrophe process of the bridge structure and the cooperation law of seismic measures in an earthquake.

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“…The efficiency of isolation devices (e.g. natural rubber bearing (NRB), lead rubber bearing (LRB), high damping rubber bearing (HDRB)) in improving the seismic response of bridges has been proved during recent earthquakes (Xie and Zhang, 2016), in analytical studies (Ozbulut and Hurlebaus, 2010; Zhang and Huo, 2009), and in experimental researches (Xiang et al, 2018). In the last 20 years, isolation bearings have been widely implemented in highway bridges around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-based seismic loss assessment of isolated simply-supported highway bridges retrofitted with different shape memory alloy cable restrainers in a life-cycle context

Dezfuli²,

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Shape memory alloy cables have emerged as an alternative to conventional steel cable restrainers for preventing the bridge spans from unseating during an extreme earthquake. Feasibility of high-cost NiTi shape memory alloy restrainers in retrofitting the bridges has been numerically investigated, and promising results have been published; however, considering the economic impacts, the effect of different types of shape memory alloy such as Cu-based and Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers has not been discussed yet. The objective of this study is to address this problem in detail in order to propose the most cost-effective shape memory alloy restrainer suitable for bridge engineering applications. Seismic fragility and life-cycle loss (both direct and indirect) assessments are analytically performed on an isolated simply-supported highway bridge retrofitted by four types of shape memory alloy restrainers (i.e. NiTi, FeNiCoAlTaB, CuAlMn, and FeMnAlNi). Results showed that for all retrofitted bridges performed in the range of design displacement, the effect of type of shape memory alloy is significant on the damage probability and long-term seismic loss of the bridges. All the bridges retrofitted with shape memory alloy restrainers have a very low probability of collapse (less than 7%). It is also found that the bridge retrofitted with Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers (SMA-II and SMA-IV) performed better as compared to the other cases. Compared to the bridge without restrainers and with NiTi shape memory alloy restrainers, Fe-based shape memory alloy restrainers can reduce the long-term loss by about 87% and 11%, respectively, at the design earthquake event specified in CHBDC-2014. The probabilistic risk analysis of highway bridges retrofitted with shape memory alloy restrainers can aid in paving the way toward widespread application of such smart materials in structural applications.

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Shake table studies of a highway bridge model by allowing the sliding of laminated-rubber bearings with and without restraining devices

Cited by 62 publications

References 25 publications

Study on the damping efficiency of continuous beam bridge with constant cross-section applied by lead rubber bearings and fluid viscous dampers

Study on the damping efficiency of continuous beam bridge with constant cross-section applied by lead rubber bearings and fluid viscous dampers

Seismic Effectiveness of Multiple Seismic Measures on a Continuous Girder Bridge

Performance-based seismic loss assessment of isolated simply-supported highway bridges retrofitted with different shape memory alloy cable restrainers in a life-cycle context

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