Shame in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Szentágotai‐Tătar, Aurora; Nechita, Diana‐Mirela; Miu, Andrei C.

doi:10.1007/s11920-020-1142-9

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…This is highly relevant for OCD, as patients may present their symptoms to various physicians (e.g., due to fear of cancer or an infectious disease) or may overemphasize physical symptoms such as dermatitis resulting from excessive washing [ 10 ]. OCD patients may also withhold symptoms (such as religious or aggressive obsessions) because of shame, a prominent emotion in OCD [ 11 ]. Furthermore, they may describe other complaints such as depressive symptoms, traumatic life events, or family or sleeping problems to their physician [ 12 ] which then misleads the doctor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder: how suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?

2021

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Background Despite the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), its precise identification remains challenging. With the Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive-Compulsive Screen (ZF-OCS; 5 or 6 items), a brief instrument is widely available mainly in English. As there is a lack of empirical studies on the ZF-OCS, the aim of the present study was to translate the items into German and investigate the instrument in a nonclinical sample. Methods In two consecutive online surveys, n = 304 and n = 51 students participated. Besides the ZF-OCS, they answered established measures on OCD, depression, health anxiety, general anxiety and health-related well-being. Results Whereas internal consistency was low (α = .53–.72; ω = .55–.69), retest reliability (rt1,t2 = .89) at two weeks was high. As expected, we found high correlations with other OCD instruments (r > .61; convergent validity), and significantly weaker correlations with measures of depression (r = .39), health anxiety (r = .29), and health-related well-being (r = −.28, divergent validity). Nonetheless, the correlations with general anxiety were somewhere in between (r = .52). Conclusions Due to heterogeneous OCD subtypes, the ZF-OCS asks diverse questions which probably resulted in the present internal consistency. Nevertheless, the results on retest reliability and validity were promising. As for other OCD instruments, divergent validity regarding general anxiety seems problematic to establish. Even so, the ZF-OCS seems valuable for screening purposes, as it is short and easy to administer, and may facilitate initiating subsequent clinical assessment. Further studies should determine the instrument’s diagnostic accuracy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder: how suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?

2021

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“…While most PTSD research has investigated shame as a unidimensional construct, shame is multifaceted, comprising phenomenologically distinct domains ( Andrews et al, 2002 ; López-Castro et al, 2019 ; Wilson et al, 2006 ). Characterological shame (i.e., shame regarding personal habits), behavioral shame (i.e., shame regarding particular actions), and bodily shame (i.e., shame concerning physical characteristics) have shown unique associations with mental health difficulties, including anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders ( Singh et al, 2016 ; Szentágotai-Tătar et al, 2020 ), depression ( Andrews et al, 2002 ; Crossley & Rockett, 2005 ), and eating disorders ( Nechita et al, 2021 ). Associations between emotion regulation strategies and shame facets have also been observed; for example, expressive suppression was associated with characterological, but not behavioral or bodily shame among Italian women ( Velotti et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Multifaceted Shamementioning

confidence: 99%

Shame and Emotion Dysregulation as Pathways to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Women With a History of Interpersonal Trauma

Mirabile,

Gnatt,

Sharp

et al. 2023

J Interpers Violence

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Women who have survived interpersonal trauma are at elevated risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and potentially modifiable factors that may be targeted in treatment warrant further investigation. This study examined a pathway from interpersonal trauma to PTSD symptoms via emotion dysregulation and shame in a large non-clinical sample of women. The sample comprised 380 women, aged 18 to 59 years ( M = 31.70, standard deviation = 10.06), all of whom had a history of interpersonal trauma. Participants completed the Experience of Shame Scale, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form, and the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5. A serial and parallel process model with interpersonal trauma as a predictor of PTSD symptoms, emotional dysregulation and facets of shame as intermediary variables, was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Statistics PROCESS Model 81with bias-corrected bootstrap tests of indirect effects. Non-interpersonal trauma was included as a covariate. Interpersonal trauma, emotion dysregulation, and characterological and bodily shame were significantly and directly associated with PTSD symptoms, together explaining 59% of the variation in PTSD symptoms. While emotion dysregulation was associated with behavioral shame, interpersonal trauma was not associated with behavioral shame, nor was behavioral shame associated with PTSD symptoms. Tests of indirect effects supported a pathway from interpersonal trauma to PTSD symptoms via emotion dysregulation and characterological and bodily shame. These findings suggest interventions that are particularly effective at reducing emotion dysregulation and characterological and bodily shame, such as compassion and acceptance-based approaches, may complement evidence-based PTSD interventions when working with women who have survived interpersonal trauma.

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“…For a long time, clinicians have been curious about the main characteristics of patients suffering from OCD [ 19 , 20 ]. Studies have focused on the nature of their obsessions and the meaning of their distress, which they attempt to reduce via compulsions [ 22 , 23 ]; as well as the perception of disgust [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] and its pervasiveness [ 7 , 8 ]. However, to date, descriptive research has not been able to grasp the true nature of OCD patients’ suffering, with respect to their experiences of and representations of the world.…”

Section: Research Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenological Considerations of the World of the Obsessive Patient

Demaria

Pontillo

Bellantoni

et al. 2023

JCM

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Despite significant scientific advances in research on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the psychological and behavioral symptoms of this pathological condition remain hard to understand, until they seem paradoxical. The present work seeks to consider the significance and potential contribution of a phenomenological reading of OCD and how phenomenalism has influenced some cognitive models of this disorder. Transcendental phenomenology is a philosophical approach that attaches primary importance to intuitive experience and considers all phenomena intrinsically associated with the subject’s inner world. Thus, the subject’s intuition is considered the starting point for understanding their essential experience. This approach has had a profound influence on modern cognitive sciences. Among current cognitive models, post-rationalist cognitivism and cognitive neuropsychological psychotherapy seem most effective in capturing the world experiences of OCD patients. Both apply a phenomenological approach to identify these experiences, which are typically characterized by hyper-reflexivity, at the expense of ‘natural evidence.’ The models have found that OCD patients experience the world emotionally as a sterile set of rules, and this experience determines their suffering.

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Shame in Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders

Cited by 10 publications

References 69 publications

Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder: how suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?

Recognizing obsessive-compulsive disorder: how suitable is the German Zohar-Fineberg obsessive-compulsive screen?

Shame and Emotion Dysregulation as Pathways to Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Women With a History of Interpersonal Trauma

Phenomenological Considerations of the World of the Obsessive Patient

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