Shampoos for Normal Scalp Hygiene and Dandruff

Schwartz, James; Valenzuela, Marcela; Midha, Sanjeev

doi:10.1002/9781444317657.ch15

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One of the major applications is in antidandruff shampoos, and it is this incorporation of the zinc complex into cleansers that has prompted manufacturers to optimize the size and shape of Zn(PT) 2 particles. A commonly used particle has a platelet morphology and lateral sizes in the micron range (2.5 μm being favorable), which has been designed to augment the therapeutic efficiency through improved spatial distribution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione

Sandiford

Holmes

Mangion

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc pyrithione is ubiquitous in commercial products particularly antidandruff shampoos. For the efficacy of zinc pyrithione therapeutic cleansers to be assessed accurately, the distribution of particles on the scalp needs to be visualized. Currently, no technique is available which provides the chemical specificity and sensitivity required. Here, we report application of fluorescence‐lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for high‐contrast mapping of zinc pyrithione distribution on the scalp. Characterization of the zinc pyrithione emission by using both one‐photon excitation at five specific wavelengths and two‐photon excitation in the range of 740–820 nm revealed its FLIM fingerprint—a characteristic short average time‐weighted emission lifetime of ΤZnPT = 250 ps. Bandpass‐filtering FLIM signals at ΤZnPT enabled an efficient discrimination between the zinc pyrithione and major endogenous skin species in comparison with that of the conventional reflectance confocal microscopy. Our findings provide means for in vivo high‐sensitivity assaying and high‐contrast imaging of zinc pyrithione in biological systems.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione

Sandiford

Holmes

Mangion

et al. 2019

Photochem & Photobiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…( A ) Overview of the distribution pattern of seborrheic dermatitis with accompanying clinical photographs of selected regions. Veraldi et al (2020), reproduced with permission [ 14 ] and Schwartz et al (2015), reproduced with permission [ 15 ]. ( B ) Epidermal structure highlighting key features of the normal stratum corneum (SC) barrier and impaired barrier in seborrheic dermatitis.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapeutic shampoos, such as those containing ZnPT, attract approximately 512 million USD of consumer expenditure annually in the Unites States alone [13]. [14] and Schwartz et al (2015), reproduced with permission [15]. (B) Epidermal structure highlighting key features of the normal stratum corneum (SC) barrier and impaired barrier in seborrheic dermatitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione to Skin Epithelia

Mangion

Holmes

Roberts

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is an anti-fungal drug delivered as a microparticle to skin epithelia. It is one of the most widely used ingredients worldwide in medicated shampoo for treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), a disorder with symptoms that include skin flaking, erythema and pruritus. SD is a multi-factorial disease driven by microbiol dysbiosis, primarily involving Malassezia yeast. Anti-fungal activity of ZnPT depends on the cutaneous availability of bioactive monomeric molecular species, occurring upon particle dissolution. The success of ZnPT as a topical therapeutic is underscored by the way it balances treatment efficacy with formulation safety. This review demonstrates how ZnPT achieves this balance, by integrating the current understanding of SD pathogenesis with an up-to-date analysis of ZnPT pharmacology, therapeutics and toxicology. ZnPT has anti-fungal activity with an average in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of 10–15 ppm against the most abundant scalp skin Malassezia species (Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restrica). Efficacy is dependent on the targeted delivery of ZnPT to the skin sites where these yeasts reside, including the scalp surface and hair follicle infundibulum. Imaging and quantitative analysis tools have been fundamental for critically evaluating the therapeutic performance and safety of topical ZnPT formulations. Toxicologic investigations have focused on understanding the risk of local and systemic adverse effects following exposure from percutaneous penetration. Future research is expected to yield further advances in ZnPT formulations for SD and also include re-purposing towards a range of other dermatologic applications, which is likely to have significant clinical impact.

show abstract

“…The target sites for ZnPT include the superficial layers of the stratum corneum [ 7 ] and the recessed microenvironments of the scalp hair follicles where yeast reside [ 8 ]. Because the zone of antimycotic activity surrounding ZnPT particles is limited by its rate of dissolution and the replenishment of lipids after washing, ZnPT should be deposited evenly over the skin surface [ 9 ]. The follicle is an ideal microenvironment for Malessezia to flourish [ 10 ] because it is lipid rich and shielded from corneocyte sloughing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Modal Imaging to Assess the Follicular Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is a widely used antifungal, usually applied as a microparticle suspension to facilitate delivery into the hair follicles, where it then dissociates into a soluble monomeric form that is bioactive against yeast and other microorganisms. In this study, we use multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to characterise ZnPT formulations and map the delivery of particles into follicles within human skin. To simulate real-world conditions, it was applied using a massage or no-massage technique, while simultaneously assessing the dissolution using Zinpyr-1, a zinc labile fluorescent probe. ZnPT particles can be detected in a range of shampoo formulations using both MPM and FLIM, though FLIM is optimal for detection as it allows spectral and lifetime discrimination leading to increased selectivity and sensitivity. In aqueous suspensions, the ZnPT 7.2 µm particles could be detected up to 500 µm in the follicle. The ZnPT particles in formulations were finer (1.0–3.3 µm), resulting in rapid dissolution on the skin surface and within follicles, evidenced by a reduced particle signal at 24 h but enhanced Zinpyr-1 intensity in the follicular and surface epithelium. This study shows how MPM-FLIM multimodal imaging can be used as a useful tool to assess ZnPT delivery to skin and its subsequent dissolution.

show abstract

Shampoos for Normal Scalp Hygiene and Dandruff

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione

Optical Characterization of Zinc Pyrithione

Targeted Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione to Skin Epithelia

Multi-Modal Imaging to Assess the Follicular Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About