Shan-shui myth and history: the locally planned process of combining the ancient city and West Lake in Hangzhou, 1896–1927

Fu, Shulan

doi:10.1080/02665433.2015.1079795

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2) The first stage, from 1949 to 1957, is a period when the lake-city combined urban form was finalized in Hangzhou. This so-called lake-city combined urban form started in the late Qing Dynasty, when the city wall was destroyed and a series of initial modernization efforts were implemented, such as the New Market Plan, West Lake Ring Road, and West Lake Expo (Fu 2016). However, until the 1950s, it was only completed as a frame that needs further construction and completion of form.…”

Section: Analysis and Division Of Historical Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hangzhou, which has the characteristics of modern urban construction and well-preserved traditional landscape features, has recently attracted the attention of researchers. Studies have demonstrated that these urban features were related to formation of the city-lake integrated urban form in Hangzhou (Fu 2015), and the main opportunity was the modern planning attempt to change the lake-side banner camp into a new market in 1914 after the revolution (Fu 2016). There were also studies that took Hangzhou as a typical case of modern urban tourism development in China (Wang 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou: towards conservation integrated urban planning, 1950s–1990s

Jin

2020

Built Heritage

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From the 1950s to the 1990s, China underwent a significant transformation of its political system and economy, from socialism to rapid development after the reform and opening up. In the 1980s and 1990s, to meet the demand for housing and urban modernization under the rapid growth of cities, almost all Chinese cities underwent large-scale urban construction, transformation and expansion. With this background of rapid advancement, many cities have lost their traditional urban features and characteristics. However, it was during this period that Hangzhou not only restored the historical scenery of West Lake through multiple projects but also explored overall planning of the city and introduced conservation ideas, making West Lake, which was originally located outside the city, part of the city. This period also shaped the contemporary urban characteristics of Hangzhou with traditional landscape features. To explore Hangzhou’s positive experience and determine the critical junctures and influencing factors, this study observed the entire historical process using morphological methods. Based on a summary of the characteristics of each development stage, this study further focuses on the key issue of how conservation ideas are gradually introduced into urban planning and affect the development process.

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Section: Analysis and Division Of Historical Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou: towards conservation integrated urban planning, 1950s–1990s

Jin

2020

Built Heritage

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“…Scholars from research fields, such as history, urban study, urban history, and planning history, have inspected Hangzhou's general history, with particular concern paid to Hangzhou's urban changes and the underlying mechanism of those changes. They attributed Hangzhou's urban structuring and restructuring factors to the complicated political, economic, social, cultural, religious, and even natural or landscape factors, as well as the interactions between those factors [1,4,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other studies emphasized the evolution and function of the natural and cultural landscapes of the city, particularly the West Lake, in forming ancient Hangzhou as an icon of Chinese landscape appreciation [25] and modern Hangzhou as a scenic city [24,30]. In addition to the water landscape, exemplified by the West Lake, some attention has also been paid to the mountain landscape, exemplified by Wushan [31][32][33], in constituting Hangzhou's urban landscape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercial Culture as a Key Impetus in Shaping and Transforming Urban Structure: Case Study of Hangzhou, China

et al. 2023

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Although the forces or impetuses that influence an urban structure are diverse, as has been fully studied by scholars from diverse research fields, some have played key roles. We endeavor to explore the key forces and mechanisms forming and transforming the urban spatial structure through Hangzhou, a multi-identity city. Upon studying classical ancient texts, historical maps, critical and recent literature, and POI data, we argue that the first and foremost driver of Hangzhou is commercial culture, rather than any other factors. Under a diachronic view and with graphic analysis, we distinguished Hangzhou’s three major transformations during the last 900 years. Each transformation was, respectively, driven by the complicated commercial culture, which was mixed up with other elementary cultures, such as civil, leisure, landscape, and industrial. Furthermore, urban heritages were formed, inherited, revitalized, and reutilized during the transformation processes, which, in turn, enriched the commercial culture and vividly reshaped Hangzhou’s urban structure.

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“…The few existing studies related to the legal system for modern planning in China include: those focusing on the legal system of concessions (Wang 2011;Lian 2010); those interpreting typical cities' modern planning and spatial constructions (Zhang 2008;Wang 2008;Wei 2011;Xie 2014;Fu 2016;Warner 1996;Koshizawa 1988Koshizawa , 1989; those highlighting foreign planning professionals and their influences on modern planning practices (Cody 1996;Hou and Wang 2016); those collecting and classifying relevant planning and architecture regulations of the nation as a whole (Li and Guo 1994;Niu 2011); and those examining Japanese influences on the Chinese modern legal system (Li 1994;Xie 2017). Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the formation of the modern planning system was intertwined with the introduction of diversified sources of knowledge, testing out various practices, and adaptive adjustment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of the legal system for modern planning in China before 1950: comparison with Japan’s 1919 act

2020

Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering

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Traditionally, city construction in China was to follow an order guided by the Book of Rites, and city management has no independent law but relies on the traditional Lu Li legal system. Overall, their modern transition started after the Opium War, beginning with the foreign settlements and concessions, and spurred on by the Late Qing Reform for constitutionalism and a modern state legal system. From then to the 1930s, the whole nation experienced frequent wars and overlapping political powers. Local urban planning exploration was active and diverse, but the overall development path was complex. In this context, two urban planning laws were born in late 1930s. Given this complex development background, further review of knowledge dissemination and interaction is needed to clarify the formation history and concurrently analyze its meaning. Japan, which not only shared a similar modernization experience but was also one of the important sources of introduction for modern knowledge, was selected as an object of comparison. By comparing the terms used, the specific content, and development path of the respective countries' laws, this article aims to reveal and outline the overall characteristics of how the legal system for modern planning formed in China.

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Shan-shui myth and history: the locally planned process of combining the ancient city and West Lake in Hangzhou, 1896–1927

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou: towards conservation integrated urban planning, 1950s–1990s

Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou: towards conservation integrated urban planning, 1950s–1990s

Commercial Culture as a Key Impetus in Shaping and Transforming Urban Structure: Case Study of Hangzhou, China

The formation of the legal system for modern planning in China before 1950: comparison with Japan’s 1919 act

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