Shape and Size Diversity of Gold, Silver, Selenium, and Silica Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis Using Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract

This article analyzes data on the diversity of shapes and sizes of nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis from HAuCl 4 , AgNO 3 , Na 2 SeO 3 , and Na 2 SiO 3 by using xylotrophic and humus basidiomycetes and soil bacteria. The formation of nanoparticles of various shapes and sizes was controlled by changing the bioreduction conditions, including culture type and age, growth medium, culture liquid, mycelial extract, isolated proteins, and incubation time. Biogenic selenium nanoparticles were represented exclusively by spheres whose size varied from 20 to 550 nm, depending on the culture. Autoclaving of selenium nanoparticles fabricated with bacterial cultures yielded nanowires with a width of 20−150 nm and a length of more than 10 μm. With bacterial culture liquids, silicon nanospheres were synthesized, ranging in size from very small (5−15 nm) to relatively large (250 nm) particles. The use of the Agaricus culture liquid made it possible to obtain mesoporous particles with a size of 30−60 nm. The size and shape of the fabricated gold and silver nanoparticles were very diverse, depending on the bioreduction conditions, and were represented by regular and irregular spheres; large balls; hexagonal, tetragonal, and triangular prisms; tetrahedrons; and nanobelts. The particle size ranged from 1−10 to 200−500 nm.

Biosynthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles (via Bacillus subtilis BSN313), and Their Isolation, Characterization, and Bioactivities

“…Spherical and/or amorphous shaped SeNPs, with some aggregates of different lengths were recorded. Same kind of SeNPs were reported in the previous literature for most of the bacteria [120][121][122]. The sizes and shapes of biogenic metallic nanoparticles can be controlled by exchanging the bio-reduction conditions, including type of culture and organism, nature of the medium and incubation time etc.…”

“…The sizes and shapes of biogenic metallic nanoparticles can be controlled by exchanging the bio-reduction conditions, including type of culture and organism, nature of the medium and incubation time etc. [120]. The size and shape of the SeNPs were confirmed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) Spherical/amorphous SeNps, deposited on the surface of Bacillus Subtilis BSN313 (Figure 6a,b).…”

Microbial reduction of selenium oxyanions: energy-yielding and detoxification reactions

“…L. edodes reduced 0.3 mM selenite added to the growth medium, producing intracellular electron-dense spherical formations of Se 0 , but cannot reduce 0.3 mM selenate under the same conditions (Vetchinkina et al, 2013). Furthermore, the edible button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and the horse mushroom Agaricus arvensis reduced selenite and formed spherical Se 0 particles with diameters of 100-250 and 150-550 nm, respectively (Vetchinkina et al, 2019). The widely cultivated basidiomycete mushroom Flammulina velutipes can reduce selenite to Se 0 when grown on a substrate containing optimal selenite concentrations of 0.03-0.1 mM to enrich the fungal biomass with dietary Se.…”

Methods of green synthesis of Au NCs with emphasis on their morphology: A mini-review

“…In intracellular construction, bacterial cells are implanted in a culture medium containing salt and heated under suitable growth conditions. Subsequently, ions are transported in and altered Au NCs using the intracellular enzymes and other factors [ 46 , 47 ] ( Figure 1 ).

Figure 1 Schematic mechanism of intracellular bacterial synthesis of Au MNPs [ 37 ].

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