Shape Memory Epoxy Polymer (SMEP) Composite Mechanical Properties Enhanced by Introducing Graphene Oxide (GO) into the Matrix

Yu, Zhengwei; Wang, Zhenqing; Li, Hao; Teng, Jie; Xu, Lidan

doi:10.3390/ma12071107

Cited by 49 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…So, our object was to improve memory effect, not the yield strength of the polymer. Our results are consistent with studies conducted on similar shape memory polymers, such as studies conducted by Yu [ 28 ] and Genus and his team [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Optimization of Actuation Load and Shape Recovery Speed of Polyester-Based/Fe3O4 Composite Foams

Salah

Ziout

2021

Materials

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In this research, polyester-based polymers/Fe3O4 nanocomposite foams were prepared in order to study their performance; namely shape recovery speed and actuation load. A foamed structure was obtained through a solid-state foaming process, which was studied and optimized in previous research. The optimum foaming parameters were applied in an attempt to achieve the highest foaming ratio possible. A Taguchi Map was then designed to determine the number of experiments to be conducted. The experimental results showed that the maximum actuation load obtained was 3.35 N, while optimal (fastest) recovery speed was 6.36 mm/min. Furthermore, temperature had no impact on the actuation load as long as a temperature above the Tg was applied. Moreover, the addition of nanoparticles reduced shape recovery speed due to discontinuity within the polymer matrix.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Optimization of Actuation Load and Shape Recovery Speed of Polyester-Based/Fe3O4 Composite Foams

Salah

Ziout

2021

Materials

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“…Yu et al [ 29 ] investigated the mechanical and thermal behavior of GO-incorporated shape memory epoxy nanocomposites. Higher values of tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and storage modulus than pristine epoxy resin were observed, whereas lower values of fracture strain and peak loss tangent [(tan δ) max ] at a filler content of 1.2 wt% were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization and Modeling Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

2021

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Thermomechanical modeling of epoxy/graphene oxide under quasi-static and dynamic loading requires thermo-mechanical properties such as Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, thermal conductivity, and frequency-temperature dependent viscoelastic properties. In this study, the effects of different graphene oxide (GO) concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 wt%) within an epoxy matrix on several mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. The distribution of GO fillers in the epoxy was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed during the tensile testing to determine Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio. Analytical models were used to predict Young’s modulus and thermal conductivity, with an error of less than 13% and 9%, respectively. Frequency–temperature dependent phenomenological models were proposed to predict the storage moduli and loss tangent, with a reasonable agreement with experimental data. A relatively high storage modulus, heat-resistance index (THRI), and thermal conductivity were observed in 0.2 wt% nanocomposite samples compared with pure epoxy and other lower concentration GO nanocomposites. A high THRI and derivative of thermogravimetric analysis peak temperatures (Tm1 and Tm2) were exhibited by adding nano-fillers in the epoxy, which confirms higher thermal stability of nanocomposites than that of pristine epoxy.

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“…When the self-healing system was modified with graphene oxide, its cross-section shows clearly that GO sheets were formed with a tightly layered structure, comprising waves that look like fine alternating layers (Figure 1E). The reason is that the reactive groups achieve robust interaction with epoxy oxide through covalent or hydrogen bonding, which greatly improves the interfacial compatibility of the GO with the epoxy oxide matrix (Yu et al, 2019). The structure of the self-healing system changes from disorder to layer, with the addition of graphene oxide, which will improve its toughness to a great extent (Ye et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

Zhang

Wei

et al. 2021

Front. Mater.

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Self-healing materials as a type of promising smart materials are gradually applied to electronics, biology, and engineering. In this study, we used in situ polymerization to make melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin microcapsules to wrap the epoxy oxide as a repairing agent and Cu(MI)4Br2 as a latent-curing agent to protect epoxy oxide E-51 from broken melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsules. In addition, graphene oxide was used as a reinforcing phase through its two-dimensional-layered structure to increase the tensile strength to 41.91 MPa, which is higher than the initial materials. The melamine-formaldehyde capsules and latent-curing agents were uniformly distributed in the materials according to the digital photos and scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures. It is worth noting that the mechanical strength of the broken materials can be restored to 35.65 MPa after heating to 130°C for 2 h to repair the damage, and the self-healing efficiency reached up to 85.06%. Furthermore, we also fabricated the 4D printed material with a tensile strength of 50.93 MPa through a 3D printer. The obtained materials showed excellent repair effect, with a recovery rate of up to 87.22%. This study confirms that the designed self-healing system has potential applications in many areas due to its excellent self-healing performance, which provides valuable guidance for designing the 4D system.

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Shape Memory Epoxy Polymer (SMEP) Composite Mechanical Properties Enhanced by Introducing Graphene Oxide (GO) into the Matrix

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Optimization of Actuation Load and Shape Recovery Speed of Polyester-Based/Fe3O4 Composite Foams

Optimization of Actuation Load and Shape Recovery Speed of Polyester-Based/Fe3O4 Composite Foams

Experimental Characterization and Modeling Multifunctional Properties of Epoxy/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

Graphene Oxide-Modified Microcapsule Self-Healing System for 4D Printing

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