Shape memory performance of PETG 4D printed parts under compression in cold, warm, and hot programming

Soleyman, Elyas; Rahmatabadi, Davood; Soltanmohammadi, Kianoosh; Aberoumand, Mohammad; Ghasemi, Ismaeil; Abrinia, Karen; Baniassadi, Majid; Wang, K; Baghani, Mostafa

doi:10.1088/1361-665x/ac77cb

Cited by 64 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, the recovery ratio decreases as the thickness increases, but the rate increases to regain its shape quickly, and no further change is detected. The results are similar to the report [ 39 , 41 ], which showed the authenticity of our conclusions.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…At a lower recovery temperature (65 °C) with a thickness of 2 mm, the recovery ratio was 82.3%, while at a higher temperature (85 °C), the recovery ratio was 69.5% for the same thickness. It followed the trend of previous results and possible reasons [ 39 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…During the shape fixity, the axial deformation is maintained by the molecular chain of the polymer and its contraction upon the applied force [ 39 , 40 ]. The chain can change itself according to the external stimuli above T g for the stated thickness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold

Zhang

Hanif

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shape memory polymers have received widespread attention from researchers because of their low density, shape variety, responsiveness to the environment, and transparency. This study deals with heat-shape memory polymers (SMPs) based on polylactic acid (PLA) for designing and fabricating a novel porous vascular scaffold to treat vascular restenosis. The solid isotropic material penalization method (SIMP) was applied to optimize the vascular scaffolds. Based on the torsional torque loading of Hyperworks Optistruct and the boundary conditions, the topological optimization model of a vascular scaffold unit was established. Forward and reverse hybrid modeling technology was applied to complete the final stent structure’s assembly. The glass transition temperature for the present SMPs is 42.15 °C. With the increase in temperature, the ultimate tensile strength of the SMPs is reduced from 29.5 MPa to 11.6 MPa. The maximum modulus at room temperature was around 34 MPa. Stress relaxation curves show that the material classification is a “thermoset” polymer. The superb mechanical properties, the transition temperature of the SMPs, and the recovery ratio made it a feasible candidate for a vascular scaffold. A circular tube based on the shape memory polymers was presented as an example for analyzing the recovery ratio in an unfolding state. A higher recovery ratio was obtained at a temperature of 65℃ with a tube thickness of 2 mm. Finally, the proposed porous vascular scaffold was successfully fabricated, assessed, and compared with the original and previously developed vascular scaffolds. The proposed scaffold structure regains its initial shape with a recovery ratio of 98% (recovery temperature of 47 °C) in 16 s. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and bending strength of the proposed scaffold were 29.5 MPa, 695.4 MPa, and 6.02 MPa, respectively. The results showed that the proposed scaffold could be regarded as a potential candidate for a vascular implantation.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold

Zhang

Hanif

et al. 2023

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PETG is used in a wide range of industrial applications, including manufacture of implants, medical device packaging, and graphic displays, and is one of the most important polymers in 3D printing [8]. More recently, the shape memory effect (SME) of PETG has attracted a lot of interest, making it an important polymer for fused deposition modeling (FDM) in 3D and 4D printing [8][9][10]. Although efforts have been made to increase the biobased carbon content of PET, the work on biobased PETG has been limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Biodegradability of Modified Thermoplastic Starch/PETG Blends with In Situ Generated Graft Copolymers

Kulkarni

Narayan

2023

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports on synthesis of modified thermoplastic starch (MTPS) and glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) blends in a twin-screw extruder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed uniform, microdispersion of MTPS in PETG matrix, confirming compatibilization of the blend by graft copolymers generated in situ during the reactive extrusion process. Incorporating 30% by wt. MTPS in the blend gives a biobased carbon content of 22.8%, resulting in reduced carbon footprint by removal of 0.5 kg CO2 from the environment/kg resin relative to unmodified PETG. MTPS with 80% glycerol grafted onto starch was prepared by reactive extrusion in the twin-screw extruder. A total of 33% of added PETG was grafted on MTPS backbone as determined by soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane (DCM). The grafting was confirmed by presence of PETG peak in the TGA analysis of residue and appearance of carbonyl peak in FTIR spectra of the residue after Soxhlet extraction. The synthesized MTPS–PETG reactive blend had lower but acceptable mechanical properties. Even after a 15% reduction in the tensile stress and 40% reduction in the strain and impact strength obtained after adding 30% MTPS, this blend still had good mechanical properties and can be used in many applications requiring a balance of cost, mechanical properties, and biobased content. Aqueous biodegradability studies using ISO 14852 showed that the 30% starch component in the blend biodegraded rapidly within 80 days, whereas PETG remained as it was even after 150 days. Thus, this study categorically proves that addition of starch does not improve the biodegradability of nonbiodegradable polymers.

show abstract

“…The investigation of such parameters not only leads to the possibility of optimization in mechanical properties of 3D printing devices [ 20 ], but also in novel shape memory devices [ 21 ] and hybrid composites [ 22 ]. Such developments lead to the possibility of 4D printing of polymer-based devices [ 23 ] for shape memory performance in mechanical and thermal parameters [ 24 ]. As another possibility of the AM method in transparent materials, the development of waveguides was explored not only using plastics [ 25 ], but also in glass structures [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional-Printed Fabrication of POFs Using Different Filaments and Their Characterization for Sensing Applications

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents the development and sensor applications of 3D-printed polymer optical fibers (POFs) using commercially available filaments. The well-known intensity variation sensor was developed using this fiber for temperature and curvature sensing, where the results indicate a linear response in the curvature analysis, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.97 and sensitivity of 4.407 × 10−4 mW/∘, whereas the temperature response was fitted to an R2 of 0.956 with a sensitivity of 5.718 × 10−3 mW/∘C. Then, the POF was used in the development of a modal interferometer by splicing the POF in-between two single-mode fibers (SMFs), which result in a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) configuration. The such interferometer was tested for temperature and axial strain responses, where the temperature response presented a linear trend R2 of around 0.98 with a sensitivity of −78.8 pm/∘C. The negative value of the sensitivity is related to the negative thermo-optic coefficient commonly obtained in POFs. Furthermore, the strain response of the SMS interferometer showed a high sensitivity (9.5 pm/μϵ) with a quadratic behavior in which the R2 of around 0.99 was obtained. Therefore, the proposed approach is a low-cost, environmentally friendly and straightforward method for the production of highly sensitive optical fiber sensors.

show abstract

Shape memory performance of PETG 4D printed parts under compression in cold, warm, and hot programming

Cited by 64 publications

References 51 publications

Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold

Fused Deposition Modeling and Characterization of Heat Shape Memory Poly(lactic) Acid-Based Porous Vascular Scaffold

Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Biodegradability of Modified Thermoplastic Starch/PETG Blends with In Situ Generated Graft Copolymers

Three-Dimensional-Printed Fabrication of POFs Using Different Filaments and Their Characterization for Sensing Applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About