Sharaya : un village du Bronze ancien Ia en Syrie du Sud

Nicolle, Christophe; Al‐Maqdissi, Michel

doi:10.3406/paleo.2006.5175

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…jusqu'à plusieurs tonnes et leur manipulation en élévation sur plus de 2 m de haut (couverture des chambres et mur externe des tumuli). À Sharaya, les maisons à double abside sont conservées sur des hauteurs similaires (Nicolle et Al-Maqdissi 2006). Pour ces déplacements, ils ont forcément dû s'approvisionner en rondins de bois et en cordes dans les steppes arborées du Leja, du Jaulan ou dans les forêts d'altitude du Jebel al-Arab 11 .…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Construite sur le substrat basaltique, la maison M170 n'est conservée que sur une seule assise. Cette maison correspond au plan connu de Jebel Mutawwaq à Byblos, décrit par C. Nicolle (Nicolle et Al-Maqdissi 2006). Dans le Levant, la longueur moyenne des maisons à double abside oscille entre 12 et 15 m pour des largeurs de 2,5 à 3 m en dimensions internes.…”

Section: Cnrs éDitions -Tirés à Part -Cnrs éDitions -Tirés à Part -Cnunclassified

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Qarassa, vestiges d’une société à mégalithes dans le Leja en Syrie du Sud, entre 3600 et 3000 avant J.-C.

Steimer-Herbet¹,

Besse²

2017

paleo

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Au Bronze ancien I dans le sud du Leja, les habitants de Qarassa profitèrent des coulées de basalte altérées, se délitant facilement en petits blocs ou en grandes dalles selon les zones, pour construire des maisons à double abside, des enclos pour protéger leurs ressources et des dolmens pour leurs défunts. Outre un savoir-faire architectural qui comprend la manipulation de blocs de plusieurs tonnes et l'adoption de plans pour leurs monuments intégrant des innovations, l'étude de la répartition des vestiges montre qu'ils parvinrent à structurer l'espace domestique et l'espace funéraire, lequel n'était pas seulement destiné aux morts. Bien que les recherches n'aient pu être suffisamment approfondies suite à l'interruption des travaux de terrain, le peu de mobilier découvert, les traces de destruction et de réaménagement des ensembles indiquent que l'utilisation de la nécropole s'est étendue sur plusieurs centaines d'années. Par l'élaboration de formes variées pour les tombes mégalithiques, leurs aménagements particuliers en ligne ou groupés, les habitants de Qarassa ont pu afficher leur appartenance à une famille, un clan. Cette société, dont le système économique était suffisamment développé pour produire des richesses et des structures monumentales, présente toutes les caractéristiques d'une société hiérarchisée avec des commanditaires capables de mobiliser des groupes importants de bâtisseurs.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Section: Cnrs éDitions -Tirés à Part -Cnrs éDitions -Tirés à Part -Cnunclassified

Qarassa, vestiges d’une société à mégalithes dans le Leja en Syrie du Sud, entre 3600 et 3000 avant J.-C.

Steimer-Herbet¹,

Besse²

2017

paleo

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“…Environmental proxy data for this more northern area is inferred from precipitation-induced changes in the water levels in the Dead Sea [177], speleothem data from the Soreq cave near Jerusalem [178], and pollen cores from the Sea of Galilee [179]. North of the harra, there are a few agropastoral villages identified as Chalcolithic/Early Bronze, including Qarassa, Sharaya, Tell el-Baharia, and Tell el-Khazzimi [180][181][182][183][184][185], that may have been occupied at the 6 kya time slice, but in the absence of radiocarbon dates these sites have not been included. The situation is different in the Jordan Valley, with evidence from large sites on both sides of the river, and significant quantities of radiocarbon dates identifying villages inhabited across the 6 kya time slice [186,187].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

et al. 2021

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In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.

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The Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant

Greenberg¹

2019

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The fundamental instability of urban or urbanizing forms of settlement in the first half of the third millennium BCE, described in Chapter 3, set the stage for an extended period of regional, non-urban settlement trajectories that covers the entire second half of the third millennium BCE. This long process of urban retreat, which began as early as the first quarter of the third millennium in some regions, may no longer qualify for the sobriquet of collapse, but is nonetheless post-urban. That is, rather than representing a survival of a resilient, primeval village substratum to which urban society reverts at the end of EB III (as proposed by some of those who refuse urban status to any Levantine sites), it should be viewed as a response to the stresses and excesses of the urbanizing trends that had affected large parts of the Levant, and as a risk-minimizing strategy that expanded the resource base for a more dispersed population. A measure of the degree to which IBA settlement recognized previous centers is the peculiar choreography of settlement and burial near and within previously urban sites that will be detailed below. These testify to a persistence of memory and to the existence of a carefully constructed genealogy that underlies territorial claims and affinities of the inhabitants of the non-urban settlements. Similarly, persistent elements of material culture and technological style point to strong links between the urban and post-urban populations in most parts of the Levant.The prolonged urban exodus of EB III should therefore be understood as a redeployment that opened new avenues of opportunity while breaking down the cultural barriers that characterized the ossified landscape of fortified towns. As will be seen, these new opportunities did not lead to the reemergence of centralized polities or to aggregations of wealth. Rather, for the next four centuries, the southern Levant appears to have settled into a "comfort zone," from which it would be jolted only at the start of the second millennium BCEa small-scale, politically segmented, territorially flexible village society.

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Sharaya : un village du Bronze ancien Ia en Syrie du Sud

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Qarassa, vestiges d’une société à mégalithes dans le Leja en Syrie du Sud, entre 3600 et 3000 avant J.-C.

Qarassa, vestiges d’une société à mégalithes dans le Leja en Syrie du Sud, entre 3600 et 3000 avant J.-C.

Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization

The Archaeology of the Bronze Age Levant

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