Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Ellis, Erika; Gauvain, Grégory; Sivyer, Benjamin; Murphy, Gabe J.

doi:10.1152/jn.00227.2016

Cited by 167 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…To determine whether Sox11 acts directly on RGCs to promote regeneration, we injected AAV2-FLEX-Sox11 into the vitreous bodies of vGlut2-Cre mice, in which Cre is expressed in RGCs selectively (Ellis et al, 2016), and subjected these mice to an optic nerve injury. We found that AAV-FLEX-Sox11 induced regeneration was comparable to those induced by non-conditional AAV-Sox11 (Figure S2D, S2E, as compared with Figure 1A, 1C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others

Norsworthy

Bei

Kawaguchi³

et al. 2017

Neuron

168

165

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SUMMARY At least 30 types of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) send distinct messages through the optic nerve to the brain. Available strategies of promoting axon regeneration act on only some of these types. Here we tested the hypothesis that over-expressing developmentally important transcription factors in adult RGCs could reprogram them to a “youthful” growth-competent state and promote regeneration of other types. From a screen of transcription factors, we identified Sox11 as one that could induce substantial axon regeneration. Transcriptome profiling indicated that Sox11 activates genes involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and axon growth. Remarkably, alpha-RGCs, which preferentially regenerate following treatments such as PTEN deletion, were killed by Sox 11 overexpression. Thus, Sox 11 promotes regeneration of non-alpha RGCs, which are refractory to PTEN deletion-induced regeneration. We conclude that Sox11 can reprogram adult RGCs to a growth-competent state, suggesting that different growth-promoting interventions promote regeneration in distinct neuronal types.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others

Norsworthy

Bei

Kawaguchi³

et al. 2017

Neuron

168

165

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“…2D). Although more than 30 classes of RGCs exist in nocturnal rodents only a subset innervate dLGN (Sanes & Masland, 2015; Baden et al, 2016; Ellis et al, 2016). This suggests that targeting mechanisms exist that guide some classes of RGC axons into dLGN and exclude others.…”

Section: Afferent Projections Of Retinorecipient Thalamic Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Not a one-trick pony: Diverse connectivity and functions of the rodent lateral geniculate complex

2017

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Often mislabeled as a simple relay of sensory information, the thalamus is a complicated structure with diverse functions. This diversity is exemplified by roles visual thalamus plays in processing and transmitting light-derived stimuli. Such light-derived signals are transmitted to the thalamus by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the sole projection neurons of the retina. Axons from RGCs innervate more than ten distinct nuclei within thalamus, including those of the lateral geniculate complex. Nuclei within the lateral geniculate complex of nocturnal rodents, which include the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN), and intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), are each densely innervated by retinal projections, yet, exhibit distinct cytoarchitecture and connectivity. These features suggest that each nucleus within this complex plays a unique role in processing and transmitting light-derived signals. Here, we review the diverse cytoarchitecture and connectivity of these nuclei in nocturnal rodents, in an effort to highlight roles for dLGN in vision and for vLGN and IGL in visuomotor, vestibular, ocular, and circadian function.

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“…In rodents, including mice, the SC is the primary target of the retina, with at least 85% of retinal ganglion cell output sent to the superficial layers of the SC (Ellis et al . ). Yet, although the SC is the largest visual area in the mouse brain, and a prominent model in developmental work (Huberman et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visual response properties of neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of awake mouse

Franceschi

Solomon

2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Key points In rodents, including mice, the superior colliculus is the major target of the retina, but its visual response is not well characterized.In the present study, extracellular recordings from single nerve cells in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus were made in awake, head‐restrained mice, and their responses to visual stimuli were measured.It was found that these neurons show brisk, highly sensitive and short latency visual responses, a preference for black over white stimuli, and diverse responses to moving patterns.At least five broad classes can be defined by variation in functional properties among units.The results of the present study demonstrate that eye movements have a measurable impact on visual responses in awake animals and show how they may be mitigated in analyses. AbstractThe mouse is an increasingly important animal model of visual function in health and disease. In mice, most retinal signals are routed through the superficial layers of the midbrain superior colliculus, and it is well established that much of the visual behaviour of mice relies on activity in the superior colliculus. The functional organization of visual signals in the mouse superior colliculus is, however, not well established in awake animals. We therefore made extracellular recordings from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in awake mice, while the animals were viewing visual stimuli including flashed spots and drifting gratings. We find that neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of awake mouse generally show short latency, brisk responses. Receptive fields are usually ‘ON–OFF’ with a preference for black stimuli, and are weakly non‐linear in response to gratings and other forms of luminance modulation. Population responses to drifting gratings are highly contrast sensitive, with a robust response to spatial frequencies above 0.3 cycles degree−1 and temporal frequencies above 15 Hz. The receptive fields are also often speed‐tuned or direction‐selective. Analysis of the response across multiple stimulus dimensions reveals at least five functionally distinct groups of units. We also find that eye movements affect measurements of receptive field properties in awake animals, and show how these may be mitigated in analyses. Qualitatively similar responses were obtained in urethane‐anaesthetized animals, although receptive fields in awake animals had higher contrast sensitivity, shorter visual latency and a stronger response to high temporal frequencies.

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Shared and distinct retinal input to the mouse superior colliculus and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus

Cited by 167 publications

References 65 publications

Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others

Sox11 Expression Promotes Regeneration of Some Retinal Ganglion Cell Types but Kills Others

Not a one-trick pony: Diverse connectivity and functions of the rodent lateral geniculate complex

Visual response properties of neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus of awake mouse

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