Sharing secrets: Oxytocin and trust in schizophrenia

Kéri, Szabolcs; Kiss, Imre; Kelemen, Ogúz

doi:10.1080/17470910802319710

Cited by 155 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Cognitive deficits are a prominent and disabling component of schizophrenia, and the efficacy of current pharmacologic treatments is limited. Plasma OT concentrations are lower in schizophrenic patients than in normal subjects and negatively correlate with psychotic symptoms (69,70). The first evidence of the beneficial effect of OT on memory comes from a small group of schizophrenic patients treated with intranasal OT (20 IU) twice a day for 1 week and then with 40 IU twice a day for a further 2 weeks (71), who showed a striking improvement in short-term but not long-term verbal memory as assessed by the California Verbal Learning Test and the Letter Number Sequence.…”

Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Learning About Oxytocin: Pharmacologic and Behavioral Issues

Chini

Leonzino

Braida

et al. 2014

Biological Psychiatry

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Despite the accumulating evidence suggesting that the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays a role in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by social dysfunction, the influence of OT on the nonsocial aspects of learning and memory have been less investigated. To foster research in this area, we review the effects of OT on learning and memory in animal models and humans. In healthy animal models, OT improves memory consolidation and extinction, but only if given at a low dose immediately after the acquisition phase. On the contrary, OT effects in healthy humans have been inconsistent; although, in this case, OT was always given before the acquisition phase and no dose-response curves have ever been drawn up. Interestingly, a specific impairment in the reversal of learning has been found in mice devoid of OT receptors and OT has been demonstrated to enhance fear extinction in rodents. All together, these data suggest that OT plays a role in elementary forms of behavioral flexibility and adaptive responses and support its therapeutic potential in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive inflexibility and/or impairment (autism, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease, stroke, posttraumatic stress disorder). Accordingly, OT has been shown to improve cognitive flexibility in OT receptordeficient mice, and scattered findings indicate that intranasal OT has positive effects on the memory of patients with schizophrenia or posttraumatic stress disorders. Further studies of the therapeutic potential of OT as an enhancer of learning and memory are warranted.

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Section: Human Studiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Learning About Oxytocin: Pharmacologic and Behavioral Issues

Chini

Leonzino

Braida

et al. 2014

Biological Psychiatry

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“…A key player in the detection of relevant stimuli in our environment, including our response to apparent threat, is the amygdala, which is activated by excitatory pathways that connect the central amygdala nucleus to the midbrain, and thence to the autonomic nervous system. Excessive amygdala activation during social encounters raises anxiety, leading to social withdrawal (18). In humans, such activation is potently increased by direct eye contact (19,20).…”

Section: Ot Social Recognition and The Response To Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Influences on Social Cognition

Skuse

Gallagher

2011

Pediatric Research

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Human social behavior develops under the influence of genetic, environmental, and cultural factors. Social cognition comprises our ability to understand and respond appropriately to other people's social approaches or responses. The concept embraces self-knowledge and theory of mind, or the ability to think about emotions and behavior from the perspective of another person. The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are now known to play an important role, affecting individual differences in parenting behavior, social recognition, and affiliative behaviors. The processes of social cognition are also supported by reward circuitry, underpinned by the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system. Reward processes build social relationships, in parenting and pair-bonding, and influence social interactions that require trust, or display altruism. The impact of emotional regulation upon social behavior, including mood and anxiety, is also mediated through the serotonergic system. Variation in activity of serotonergic networks in the brain influences emotional responsivity, including subjective feelings, physiological responses, emotional expressions, and the tendency to become engaged in action as a consequence of a feeling state. Genetic variation in the receptors associated with OT, AVP, dopamine, and serotonin has been intensively studied in humans and animal models. Recent findings are building an increasingly coherent picture of regulatory mechanisms. (Pediatr Res 69: 85R-91R, 2011) W e, as humans, usually possess the ability to rapidly process social information about the thoughts and actions of other people and to interact in complex ways with them. Social cognition comprises a set of skills that enable us to understand thoughts and intentions that may differ from our own experiences or predispositions. As we develop through early childhood, we are increasingly capable of taking another person's perspective, and we develop self-knowledge. We can accurately predict how another person might behave in the future, from our social perceptions and experiences. We become capable of learning what motivates other people in their social interactions, even if these do not directly involve us. All these skills map onto schemas that are encoded in an associative network in memory and is orchestrated to ensure normal, skilled social adaptation (1).The process by which we acquire social cognitive competence evolves with development and is modified in response to the environment. To begin with, infants cannot easily differentiate between themselves and other people, but they rapidly become aware that their actions have an impact on the physical and social world around them. In due course, they develop social understanding, language, and imitation. Eventually, most of us acquire the ability to "read the mind" of others. By this, we mean that it becomes possible for us to understand why other people behave the way they do and to respond appropriately to them in social situations. If we have not acquired this ability...

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“…In contrast, Goldman and colleagues showed that blunted OT levels in schizophrenia were associated with low performance in a facial affect rating task [53]. Another study investigating the effect of a trust-related interaction on peripheral OT levels revealed that schizophrenic patients lacked the interaction-induced increase in peripheral OT observed in healthy controls [88]. Not only OT but also AVP functioning was found to be abnormal based on the investigation of neurophysin immunoreactivity in different brain areas [108].…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior

Heinrichs

Dawans

Domes

2009

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

716

481

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Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior Heinrichs, M;von Dawans, B;von Dawans, B; Domes, G (2009 There is substantial evidence from animal research indicating a key role of the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of complex social cognition and behavior. As social interaction permeates the whole of human society, and the fundamental ability to form attachment is indispensable for social relationships, studies are beginning to dissect the roles of OT and AVP in human social behavior. New experimental paradigms and technologies in human research allow a more nuanced investigation of the molecular basis of social behavior. In addition, a better understanding of the neurobiology and neurogenetics of human social cognition and behavior has important implications for the current development of novel clinical approaches for mental disorders that are associated with social deficits (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, and borderline personality disorder). This review focuses on our recent knowledge of the behavioral, endocrine, genetic, and neural effects of OT and AVP in humans and provides a synthesis of recent advances made in the effort to implicate the oxytocinergic system in the treatment of psychopathological states. t r a c tThere is substantial evidence from animal research indicating a key role of the neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the regulation of complex social cognition and behavior. As social interaction permeates the whole of human society, and the fundamental ability to form attachment is indispensable for social relationships, studies are beginning to dissect the roles of OT and AVP in human social behavior. New experimental paradigms and technologies in human research allow a more nuanced investigation of the molecular basis of social behavior. In addition, a better understanding of the neurobiology and neurogenetics of human social cognition and behavior has important implications for the current development of novel clinical approaches for mental disorders that are associated with social deficits (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, and borderline personality disorder). This review focuses on our recent knowledge of the behavioral, endocrine, genetic, and neural effects of OT and AVP in humans and provides a synthesis of recent advances made in the effort to implicate the oxytocinergic system in the treatment of psychopathological states.

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Sharing secrets: Oxytocin and trust in schizophrenia

Cited by 155 publications

References 34 publications

Learning About Oxytocin: Pharmacologic and Behavioral Issues

Learning About Oxytocin: Pharmacologic and Behavioral Issues

Genetic Influences on Social Cognition

Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior

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