Sharing the Pi: Testbed Description and Performance Evaluation of Network Coding on the Raspberry Pi

Abstract

This paper presents the design and performance evaluation of an inexpensive testbed for network coding protocols composed of Raspberry Pis. First, we show the performance of random linear network coding primitives on the Raspberry Pi in terms of processing speed and energy consumption under a variety of configuration setups. Our measurements show that processing rates of up to 230 Mbps are possible with the Raspberry Pi. Also, the energy consumption per bit can be as small as 3 nJ/bit, which is several orders of magnitude smaller than the transmission/reception energy use. Surprisingly, overclocking the Raspberry Pi from 700 MHz to 1000 MHz not only produces an increase in processing speed of up to 68 % for large generation sizes, but also provides a reduction of 64 % in the processing energy per bit for most tested scenarios. Then, we show Raspberry Pi as an inexpensive, viable, and flexible platform to deploy large research networking testbeds for the evaluation of network coding protocols. We propose key parameters and representations to evaluate protocol performance in network nodes as well as validating the testbed's statistics using the case of a one-hop broadcast with random linear network coding, which is well understood in theory.

Throughput, energy and overhead of multicast device‐to‐device communications with network‐coded cooperation

“…Future work shall focus on protocol design for cooperative schemes in highly dense scenarios as well as implementation and evaluation of the most promising schemes in Aalborg University's Raspberry Pi testbed . Regarding optimal overhead codes, future work in this area should consider the inclusion of other scenarios such as multiple clouds cooperation and multihops.…”

Caracterización experimental del comportamiento de Network Coding para comunicaciones multicast

“…Hay varios trabajos que desplegaron con anterioridad plataformas con dispositivos de bajo coste para el estudio de las prestaciones que ofrecen esquemas de Network Coding [17], [18]. En ambos se utilizan Raspberry-Pis como dispositivos de bajo coste y se utiliza la librería KODO para las tareas codificación y decodificación.…”

“…En [17] se estudia las ventajas de utilizar esquemas de Network Coding en redes con cooperación, es decir, donde nodos intermedios de la red cooperan entre sí para recuperar la información que no han recibido otros nodos de la red. Mientras que en [18] también se analiza las prestaciones del esquema RLNC para comunicaciones multicast inalámbricas. Sin embargo, no presentan un estudio analítico ni comparan con un esquema alternativo para comunicaciones multicast como es NORM.…”

Network coding for hop-by-hop communication enhancement in multi-hop networks

“…The Raspberry Pi devices [26] are credit-cardsized computers intended for teaching computer science at school. Raspberry Pi devices are using the Ubuntu operating system and TL-WN722N WiFi devices to transmit data in wireless channel [27] . All nodes are using IEEE 802.11 standard and 2412 MHz frequency to transmit and receive data packets in broadcast mode.…”