Shark liver oil supplementation enriches endogenous plasmalogens and reduces markers of dyslipidemia and inflammation

Paul, Sudip; Smith, Alexander; Gunawan, Kevin A.; Weir, Jacqueline M; Cinel, Michelle; Jayawardana, Kaushala S.; Mellett, Natalie A.; Lee, Man K.S.; Murphy, Andrew; Lancaster, Graeme I.; Nestel, Paul J.; Kingwell, Bronwyn A.; Meikle, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100092

Cited by 29 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The most interesting finding from this study was that ether phospholipids in plasma showed significantly greater incorporation of EPA and DHA following KO than FO treatment. We propose that ether phospholipids present in the KO contributed to increased ether phospholipid concentrations in plasma, since circulating plasmalogens are either derived from dietary sources and/or are synthesized in the liver and gastrointestinal epithelium (Roels et al, 1987, Astarita et al, 2010, Paul et al, 2021. In the present study, alkyl-phosphatidylcholine (PakCho) and lyso-PakCho were the main species detected in the KO supplement, accounting for 7% of the choline phospholipids, with PC(O-36:5), PC(O-16:0-22:6), LPC(O-16:1), LPC(O-18:1), and PC(O-32:1) accounting for 6% (Sung et al, 2019).…”

Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another rat study reported that when 0.1% of the diet (weight %) was fed as plasmalogens from chicken skin (PlsEtn), the relative compositions of erythrocyte PlsEtn and PtdEtn increased after 4 weeks (Mawatari et al, 2012). Paul et al (2021) recently showed that plasma accumulated highly polyunsaturated species of alkyl and alkenyl PtdCho and PtdEtn following the consumption of alkylglycerols containing fatty acids with fewer double bonds, indicating that rearrangement of the fatty acyl component of alkyl lipids occurs following digestion and absorption. Furthermore, it was clear that alkyl species had been metabolized to plasmalogens (PlsEtn and PlsCho).…”

Section: What Is the Evidence That Dietary Plasmalogens Are Bioavaila...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enrichment of n‐3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation

Sung

Sinclair

2022

Lipids

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There are conflicting findings over the bioavailability of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from krill oil (KO) compared with fish oil (FO) in short-and long-term studies. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of KO versus FO on the enrichment of molecular species of plasma phospholipids in young women following a 30-day consumption of the n-3 oils. Eleven healthy women aged 18-45 years consumed seven capsules of KO per day (containing a total of 1.27 g n-3 PUFA) or five capsules of FO per day (total of 1.44 g n-3 PUFA) for 30 days in a randomized crossover study, separated by at least a 30-day washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at day zero (baseline), day 15 and day 30 and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for molecular species of phospholipids. Supplementation increased n-3 PUFA in main phospholipids classes in both groups. After 30 days of supplementation, 35 out of 70 molecular species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) had a significantly greater concentration in KO group compared with the FO treated group. The majority (89%) of the differentiated molecular species were choline and ethanolamine etherphospholipids. These data reveal that analysis of plasma phospholipids following 30 days of consumption of KO (a marine oil rich in phospholipids, including ether phospholipids) resulted in an enrichment of n-3 PUFA in molecular species of ether-phospholipids compared with FO (a triacylglycerol-rich marine oil).

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Section: General Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: What Is the Evidence That Dietary Plasmalogens Are Bioavaila...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment of n‐3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation

Sung

Sinclair

2022

Lipids

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“…460 kg of scallops. In the bottom the alkyl chain distribution of shark liver oilpurified AG (from [92]). (B) PE-Pls is the major plasmalogen found in chicken skin and scallops.…”

Section: Small Molecules Used In Prtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasmalogens are transported from the intestine and liver to other organs, but it On top is a generic chemical structure of an AG. In the bottom the alkyl chain distribution of shark liver oil-purified AG (from [92]). (B) PE-Pls is the major plasmalogen found in chicken skin and scallops.…”

Section: Small Molecules Used In Prtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmalogen Replacement Therapy

Bozelli

Epand

2021

Membranes

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Plasmalogens, a subclass of glycerophospholipids containing a vinyl-ether bond, are one of the major components of biological membranes. Changes in plasmalogen content and molecular species have been reported in a variety of pathological conditions ranging from inherited to metabolic and degenerative diseases. Most of these diseases have no treatment, and attempts to develop a therapy have been focusing primarily on protein/nucleic acid molecular targets. However, recent studies have shifted attention to lipids as the basis of a therapeutic strategy. In these pathological conditions, the use of plasmalogen replacement therapy (PRT) has been shown to be a successful way to restore plasmalogen levels as well as to ameliorate the disease phenotype in different clinical settings. Here, the current state of PRT will be reviewed as well as a discussion of future perspectives in PRT. It is proposed that the use of PRT provides a modern and innovative molecular medicine approach aiming at improving health outcomes in different conditions with clinically unmet needs.

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“…AKGs are considered to be important immune-stimulating factors, able to increase the number of leucocytes, lymphocytes and platelets [10]. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that AKG may offer anti-tumor potential via activating macrophage and exerting anti-angiogenesis effects [13][14][15]. Aside from activating macrophages, AKGs stimulate antibody production and enhance the function of Fc-receptors in the immune system [12,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Short-Term Shark Liver Oil Supplementation on the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte Membranes

Zakrzewska

Oszajca

Zep³

et al. 2021

Nutrients

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Fatty acid (FA) balance is strictly related to human health. The composition of fatty acids in lipid membranes seems to be influenced by diet. Shark liver oil (SLO) supplementation has been widely used recently in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. We analyzed the impact of short-term SLO supplementation on certain biochemical parameters and erythrocyte FA composition in a group of young healthy women. Our results showed that 6 weeks of SLO supplementation led to a significant decrease in C-reactive protein levels in sera and intracellular cholesterol levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SLO supplementation caused a significant increase in the content of the polyunsaturated omega-3 FAs: docosahexaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid and α-linolenic acid. In the group of omega-6 FAs, we observed a significant elevation of arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linoleic acid content. Due to these alterations, the omega-3 index increased significantly from 3.6% (before) to 4.2% (after supplementation). We also observed the impact of SLO supplementation on the membrane fluidity index. The ratio between saturated and unsaturated FAs decreased significantly from 13.1 to 9.9. In conclusion, our results show that even short-term SLO supplementation can improve human erythrocyte fatty acid composition and other parameters that may have health-promoting consequences.

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Shark liver oil supplementation enriches endogenous plasmalogens and reduces markers of dyslipidemia and inflammation

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Enrichment of n‐3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation

Enrichment of n‐3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation

Plasmalogen Replacement Therapy

The Impact of Short-Term Shark Liver Oil Supplementation on the Fatty Acid Composition of Erythrocyte Membranes

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