Sheep as a new experimental host for <i>Babesia divergens</i>

Chauvin, Alain; Valentin, Alexis; Malandrin, Laurence; L’Hostis, Monique

doi:10.1051/vetres:2002029

Cited by 33 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the expected increase of exposure to the infected tick stock, can lead to an endemic newly stable situation, when a sufficient proportion of the herd will have developed immunity to commonly present Babesia divergens. [5]. In the same way, B. divergens [18,44] and Theileria sp.…”

Section: Risk Of Increased Exposure To Densified Tick-borne Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: Current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in French cattle farming systems

L’Hostis¹,

Seegers

2002

Vet. Res.

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-Parasitic diseases, like babesiosis and theileriosis are transmitted by ticks: their occurrence is therefore linked to the size of the tick stock and the seasonality of the vectors. Babesia divergens bovine babesiosis transmitted by Ixodes ricinus is widespread and often reported in France. Serological prevalence is high, ranging from 20 to 80% according to the farms. Clinical incidence is low: around 0.4% for the whole cattle population. The endemic situation is unstable and clinical cases occur more frequently with farming system modifications. I. ricinus is a tick essentially found in woodlands and so, for the most part, is found in closed rural areas. The situation of the other bovine babesiosis (Babesia major) and theileriosis (Theileria orientalis) is not well documented in France. However, the epidemiology of parasitic diseases is changing, especially because of changes in the environmental characteristics, i.e. both farm and herd management conditions and also climatic conditions. These modifications can provoke an increase in the tick stocks, an increase in the contact rate between cattle and ticks, and an increase in the contact rate between cattle and the wild fauna, especially deer. This results in likely modifications of the endemic situation, with a higher risk of clinical babesiosis in the medium term. Des épisodes cliniques sont fréquents lors de modifications dans l'élevage. L'équilibre, selon le modèle établi pour d'autres protozoaires, est qualifié d'instable. Ixodes ricinus est une tique de bois et forêts qui survit sur les pâtures. La situation des autres babésioses et theilérioses présentes en France est moins connue. L'évolution de la structure des élevages, notamment la désintensification avec constitution de troupeaux sur de larges surfaces, de même que la présence des friches, est, selon toute vraisemblance, susceptible de provoquer une recrudescence ou une émergence de maladies à vecteurs en raison de la présence des animaux domestiques dans des biotopes moins contrôlés où les contacts avec les vecteurs sont plus fréquents. De plus, les animaux sauvages jouent un rôle de réservoir, soit de vecteurs (arthropodes), soit d'agents pathogènes parasitaires, transmis par ces vecteurs. En revanche, la moindre demande en performance d'élevage pourra diminuer les effets de ces modifications. L'équilibre instable de cette épidémiologie se traduira, par des épisodes cliniques plus nombreux dans les régions ou seront effectuées ces modifications des systèmes d'élevage. maladie parasitaire transmise par les tiques / bovin / système d'élevage / changement climatique / France

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Section: Risk Of Increased Exposure To Densified Tick-borne Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 78%

Tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: Current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in French cattle farming systems

L’Hostis¹,

Seegers

2002

Vet. Res.

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“…Cryopreservation and resuscitation from liquid nitrogen storage were performed according to Chauvin et al [4].…”

Section: In Vitro Culture Of Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, erythrocytes from various animal origins corresponding to natural (bovine, human) or experimental hosts (rat, sheep) were proved to support B. divergens continuous in vitro growth [2,4,10,21]. The culture system developed in our laboratory [4] with sheep erythrocytes allowed high in vitro parasitemia (50%) with only 10% serum (fetal calf or sheep). Sheep are not only a convenient source of red blood cells, but could also be experimentally infected with their own in vitro infected erythrocytes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The culture system developed in our laboratory [4] with sheep erythrocytes allowed high in vitro parasitemia (50%) with only 10% serum (fetal calf or sheep). Sheep are not only a convenient source of red blood cells, but could also be experimentally infected with their own in vitro infected erythrocytes [4]. The in vitro isolation of B. divergens from carrier cattle which often have extremely low parasitemias has not, however, been described and would contribute to a better understanding of the relation between carrier status and serological status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It would also allow the isolation of several strains from one herd to first study their genetic diversity and then to compare them with the strains responsible for clinical episodes within the same herd. In this study, we used the already described in vitro culture in sheep erythrocytes [4] for the isolation and cultivation of B. divergens from naturally infected carrier cattle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of Babesia divergens from carrier cattle blood using in vitro culture

2004

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-Babesia divergens, the main causative agent of bovine babesiosis in Western Europe, was isolated from naturally infected cattle. Ninety-six blood samples were examined by means of an in vitro culture technique in sheep erythrocytes: 19 of them were collected from animals in the acute phase of the disease with visible parasitemia on blood smears, while the 77 remaining animals showed no microscopically detectable parasites. B. divergens was cultured from the 19 first blood samples as well as from 31 samples collected from asymptomatic animals. The time period before parasites could be detected in the culture varied in the latter samples from 6 to 20 days. The effects of sampling condition (anticoagulant used) and storage length were tested. A good correlation was obtained between immunofluorescent antibody test and culture, with identical results (positive or negative) for 89.6% of the samples collected from asymptomatic animals. The sensitivity of the in vitro culture method was determined and was about 10 parasites/mL of whole blood from three independent experiments performed with three different isolates, confirming its suitability to detect and culture diverse B. divergens isolates from carrier cattle. The parasites could indeed be isolated 9 months after the acute babesiosis phase in the blood of naturally infected animals. The 50 isolates collected in this study were successfully subcultured, cryopreserved and resuscitated using the same culture medium. The in vitro isolation of B. divergens from asymptomatic carrier cattle was achieved and will allow the analysis of parasite diversity within cattle herds. Babesia divergens / carrier cattle / in vitro culture / isolation

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Validation of BdCCp2 as a marker for Babesia divergens sexual stages in ticks

Becker

Malandrin

Larcher

et al. 2013

Experimental Parasitology

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Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease of mammalian hosts, caused by the intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus Babesia. Transmission of Babesia parasites from the vertebrate host to the tick is mediated by sexual stages, the gametocytes which are the only intraerythrocytic stages that survive and develop inside the vector. Very few data are available concerning these parasite stages and some markers are needed in order to refine our knowledge of Babesia life cycle inside the tick and to permit the monitoring of parasite transmission from vertebrate to vector. We previously identified some potential markers of the Babesia divergens gametocytes using an in silico post-genomic approach based on sequence identity between the available genomes of Plasmodium and Babesia spp. Here, one of the identified proteins, BdCCp2, was validated as a marker of sexual stages of B. divergens, in infected ticks challenged with antisera directed against recombinant BdCCp2 protein. The BdCCp2 protein was detected by Western blot in some infected ticks, as a discrete band of approximately 171 kDa, while no signal was detected in the laboratory-reared non-infected tick. BdCCp2 was also detected, by immunohistochemical analyses, in piriform or ovoid bodies, measuring 2.5-4.5 μm in diameter, in the gut of partially engorged ticks that were experimentally infected. This molecular marker can then be used in the future to characterize and analyze the biology of B. divergens gametocytes.

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Sheep as a new experimental host for Babesia divergens

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: Current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in French cattle farming systems

Tick-borne parasitic diseases in cattle: Current knowledge and prospective risk analysis related to the ongoing evolution in French cattle farming systems

Isolation of Babesia divergens from carrier cattle blood using in vitro culture

Validation of BdCCp2 as a marker for Babesia divergens sexual stages in ticks

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