Sheep as an Experimental Model for Biomaterial Implant Evaluation

Sartoretto, Suelen Cristina; Uzeda, Marcelo José; Miguel, Fúlvio Borges; Nascimento, Jhonathan Raphaell Barros; Ascoli, F. O.; Calasans-Maia, Mônica Diuana

doi:10.1590/1413-785220162405161949

Cited by 48 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In accordance with the literature [10] there are many other advantages of using sheep as an experimental model. In neuroscience studies, sheep have acquired an increasing interest for many aspects.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ovine fetuses from slaughterhouses: a useful source for neural cell primary cultures

Farina¹,

Gadau²,

Lepore³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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27 A lot of evidence demonstrates that sheep could represent an experimental model to set 28 up medical procedures in a view of their application on humans. Sheep are chosen as 29 model for human biomechanical studies because their skeleton has some similarities 30 with humans. Sheep are gyrencephalic so the cerebral cortex can show valuable 31 signposts to identify particular cortical regions, unlike rats that are lissencephalic 32 animals. The aim of this work was to set up sheep primary cultures from ovine fetuses 33 at different ages, from pregnant uteri retrieved at local abattoirs. Cell characterization 34 demonstrated that one cell population was immunopositive to GFAP and identifiable as 35 astrocytes, whereas a second cell type was III β-tubulin-positive, and hence classified as 36 neurons. A 60 day old fetus is suitable to obtain neurons, whereas in a 90 day old fetus 37 the cell culture is predominantly characterized by glial cells. The procedure here 38 proposed is inexpensive. Indeed, the fetuses casually found during sheep slaughtering 39 have no cost, unlike the classical experimental animals, such as mice, rats, rabbits, that 40 require very high economical efforts. Finally, our protocol fully eliminates the need of 41 animal killing, being living animals replaced by a validated in vitro model in agreement 42 with the 3Rs statement. 43 44 45 46

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ovine fetuses from slaughterhouses: a useful source for neural cell primary cultures

Farina¹,

Gadau²,

Lepore³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A significantly larger and therefore more robust animal is the sheep, which has the advantage of allowing implanting devices of real size for human application (Sartoretto et al, 2016). Sheep models have been gaining popularity worldwide and the FELASA, the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations, even suggests replacing dog trials with sheep (Rehbinder et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Final testing could be conducted in an NHP model if the complexity of the interface requires this model (brain interfaces or peripheral interfaces with a large number of degrees of freedom for high-DOF hand prostheses, for example). However, for standard electrodes, a long-term application in a standard large animal (sheep) provides enough data on biocompatibility and mechanical stability (Bergmeister et al, 2016b;Sartoretto et al, 2016) for human translation.…”

Section: Testing Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Testing of Bionic Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Interfaces: Animal Model Considerations

et al. 2020

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Introduction: Man-machine interfacing remains the main challenge for accurate and reliable control of bionic prostheses. Implantable electrodes in nerves and muscles may overcome some of the limitations by significantly increasing the interface's reliability and bandwidth. Before human application, experimental preclinical testing is essential to assess chronic in-vivo biocompatibility and functionality. Here, we analyze available animal models, their costs and ethical challenges in special regards to simulating a potentially life-long application in a short period of time and in non-biped animals. Methods:We performed a literature analysis following the PRISMA guidelines including all animal models used to record neural or muscular activity via implantable electrodes, evaluating animal models, group size, duration, origin of publication as well as type of interface. Furthermore, behavioral, ethical, and economic considerations of these models were analyzed. Additionally, we discuss experience and surgical approaches with rat, sheep, and primate models and an approach for international standardized testing. Results:Overall, 343 studies matched the search terms, dominantly originating from the US (55%) and Europe (34%), using mainly small animal models (rat: 40%). Electrode placement was dominantly neural (77%) compared to muscular (23%). Large animal models had a mean duration of 135 ± 87.2 days, with a mean of 5.3 ± 3.4 animals per trial. Small animal models had a mean duration of 85 ± 11.2 days, with a mean of 12.4 ± 1.7 animals.Discussion: Only 37% animal models were by definition chronic tests (>3 months) and thus potentially provide information on long-term performance. Costs for large animals were up to 45 times higher than small animals. However, costs are relatively small compared to complication costs in human long-term applications. Overall, we believe a combination of small animals for preliminary primary electrode testing and large animals to investigate long-term biocompatibility, impedance, and tissue regeneration parameters provides sufficient data to ensure long-term human applications.

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“…They have molar and premolar teeth with a periodontium similar to humans, they experience age‐related skeletal problems, including tooth loss, and they develop periodontitis with similar oral pathogenic bacteria to those in the human oral environment . In addition, sheep jaws are large enough to permit major dental surgical procedures, such as dental implantation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminobisphosphonate‐treated ewes as a model of osteonecrosis of the jaw and of dental implant failure

Davison

Lyardet

Preliasco

et al. 2019

Journal of Periodontology

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Background: Bisphosphonate (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) and dental implant failure are two negative side effects of chronic aminoBP treatment. Methods:Eleven ovariectomized (OVX) ewes and four ewes subjected to sham surgery (SHAM) were treated as follows: OVX (n = 5): OVX plus saline solution;zoledronic acid-treated group (ZOL) (n = 6): OVX plus ZOL; SHAM (n = 4): SHAM plus saline solution. Extraction of the first upper molar was performed at 1 year, dental implant placement at 2 years, and sacrifice at 28 months.Results: Implants remained in place in SHAM and OVX ewes but were lost in all ZOL ewes. ZOL sheep (2/6) showed inflammation and necrotic bone at mandibular region.No differences in serum calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D were observed, whereas bone alkaline phosphatase levels decreased in the three studied groups (P < 0.05). The significantly lowest levels of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were observed in ZOL (P < 0.05), and showed no differences between SHAM and OVX. OVX showed the lowest and ZOL the highest Ca and Pi contents in femur and maxilla (P < 0.05). Bone volume (BV/TV%) and iliac crest were similar at baseline and at month 4. At the end of the study, BV/TV%, proximal femur and hemi-mandible bone mineral content and bone mineral density, and trabeculae number were similar in SHAM and ZOL, and lower in OVX (P < 0.05). Conclusion:All ZOL-treated ewes on a schedule similar to that used in cancer patients showed extensive suppression of bone remodeling and implant failure. Some of the ZOL ewes developed BRONJ.

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Sheep as an Experimental Model for Biomaterial Implant Evaluation

Cited by 48 publications

References 13 publications

Ovine fetuses from slaughterhouses: a useful source for neural cell primary cultures

Ovine fetuses from slaughterhouses: a useful source for neural cell primary cultures

Experimental Testing of Bionic Peripheral Nerve and Muscle Interfaces: Animal Model Considerations

Aminobisphosphonate‐treated ewes as a model of osteonecrosis of the jaw and of dental implant failure

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