Sheepskin leather quality characteristics of South African breeds

Merwe, D.A. Van Der; Brand, T.S.; Theron, Pieter Gert; Hoffman, Louwrens C.; Jackson-Moss, Clive A.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106365

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The tanning processes were conducted in Sayed Hamdan tannery in Robbiki Leather City, Egypt. Fifteen sheep skins were common in the pre-tanning and tanning stages as shown in Table (1) presents the tanning techniques according to [12] After the chrome tanning step, wet-blues were divided randomly into five groups (three wet-blues in each group). The difference among studied groups was at the naturalization step as explained in Table (2) according to [11], the percentage of neutralizing materials used in the neutralization stage was calculated, whereas Table (3) shows the post-tanning steps done on wet blues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicarbonate Alternatives in the Neutralization Phase of Leather Tanning to Ensure Sustainability

Ali,

Nasr,

El-Shemy

et al. 2024

Text Leather Rev

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The post-tanning procedure involves neutralizing the iso-electric point, which ensures that there is no imbalance between carboxylic groups and amino groups. This balance allows for the penetration of dyes, fatliquoring agents, and other chemical materials. Bicarbonate is used during the neutralization phase, and to eliminate it, 4 metric tons of water are needed for each metric ton of leather. Additionally, this leads to an elevation in both Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The objective of the research was to substitute bicarbonate with sodium borate, sodium acetate, and sodium formate, and neutralise syntan to decrease the quantities of pollutants generated from this process, minimize the consumption of water, and improve the quality of the produced leather. Each experimental group's BOD, COD, microscopic micrographs, physical, chemical, and organoleptic parameters were determined. The use of sodium borate, neutralizing syntan, sodium acetate, and sodium formate resulted in a significant decrease in the discharge of BOD, COD, and water consumption. Furthermore, the use of 2.5% sodium borate has proven to be the most effective neutralizing agent in reducing water consumption by 80%, total oxygen demand by 39% and costs of neutralization chemicals by 0.62%. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the leather product were similar to those of the control. Therefore, the leather that has been neutralized with sodium borate is considered to have the best organoleptic characteristics compared to the control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicarbonate Alternatives in the Neutralization Phase of Leather Tanning to Ensure Sustainability

Ali,

Nasr,

El-Shemy

et al. 2024

Text Leather Rev

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“…Models were built on the basis of physical and mechanical tests to determine the quality of cattle skin [9]. The authors [10] review the manufacturing process, focusing on each step that can either damage the natural strength of collagen fibers or improve them and hence the skin [11]. It has been shown that the fullness, general characteristics, tensile strength, stiffness, elongation and impact strength of the skin can be evaluated nondestructively using ultrasonic values [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of vertical shaft machine parameters on increasing productivity of the processed product

Bahadirov,

Rakhimova,

Tashpulatov

et al. 2024

E3S Web Conf.

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In this article, the influence of the force pulling the base plate of the vertical shaft machine up along the chain on the pair of compression shafts and the dependence of the moisture squeezed from the semi-finished product being processed on the diameter of the shafts are experimentally studied. The scientific novelty of the research is the development of an improved experimental design of a vertical type shaft machine that flattens the folded areas of wet semi-finished products and compresses excess moisture. The practical significance of the results of the research is explained by the development of an improved vertical type shaft machine for the mechanical processing of the semi-finished products with improved quality indicators of semi-finished products, energy saving, increasing productivity. In experimental studies, a regression equation was developed that determines the amount of excess liquid squeezed out of the semi-finished product during vertical transmission, depending on the diameter of the compression shafts, traction force and transmission speed. Based on the obtained results, graphs were constructed and analyzed. Currently, worldwide attention is being paid to improving the quality of leather products by using energy and resource-saving technologies. As can be seen from the above review, the quality of the processed material is influenced by many parameters of technological machines. Therefore, we believe that an experimental study of the parameters of a vertical roller machine on the properties of the processed leather semi-finished product is relevant.

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“…Traditionally, skins have been considered a by-product of sheep worldwide, aside from breeds such as Karakul and Gotland which have been bred for their pelts. 1 Between-breed differences in pelts have been reported, with hair sheep generally having better quality pelts than wool sheep, [2][3][4][5][6][7] although results can be variable. Estimates of the genetic parameters of ovine skin traits are not common in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between‐breed differences in pelts have been reported, with hair sheep generally having better quality pelts than wool sheep, 2‐7 although results can be variable. Estimates of the genetic parameters of ovine skin traits are not common in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in skin traits in New Zealand lambs

et al. 2022

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BACKGROUND This study explored the genetic variability in the New Zealand sheep population for economically important skin traits. Skins were collected at slaughter from two progeny test flocks, resulting in 725 skins evaluated for grain strain, flatness, crust leather strength and overall suitability for shoe leather. DNA profiles collected from skins post‐slaughter were matched to individual animals using previously collected high‐density genotypes. RESULTS Considerable phenotypic variation for skin traits was observed, with around 40% of the skins being identified as suitable for high‐value shoe leather production. Several key traits associated with leather production, including flatness, tear strength, grain strength and grain strain were found to be moderate to highly heritable (h2 = 0.28–0.82). There were no major significant genome‐wide association study (GWAS) peaks associated with many of the traits examined, however, one single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) reached significance for the flatness of the skin over the hindquarters. CONCLUSION This research confirms that suitable lamb skins can be bred for use as high‐value shoe leather. While moderately to highly heritable, skin traits in New Zealand lambs appear to be polygenic with no genes of major effect underlaying the traits of interest. Given the complex nature of these traits, the identification and selection of animals with higher‐value skins may be enabled by geomic selection. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Sheepskin leather quality characteristics of South African breeds

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

Bicarbonate Alternatives in the Neutralization Phase of Leather Tanning to Ensure Sustainability

Bicarbonate Alternatives in the Neutralization Phase of Leather Tanning to Ensure Sustainability

Influence of vertical shaft machine parameters on increasing productivity of the processed product

Genetic variation in skin traits in New Zealand lambs

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