Shifts in dominance of native and invasive plants in experimental patches of vegetation

Woitke, M.; Dietz, Hansjörg

doi:10.1078/1433-8319-00032

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For example, records from intentional introductions (Veltman et al 1996), numbers of visitors to parks (Lonsdale 1999), and vector activity (Levine and D'Antonio 2003) have been used to correlate propagule pressure with number of established exotics. The second approach is to experimentally add known quantities of propagules to systems experiencing differing environmental conditions (e.g., Burke and Grime 1996;Foster et al 2002;Woitke and Dietz 2002). In terrestrial systems, soil disturbance and removal of biomass increased the number and cover of alien plants sown onto plots (Petryna et al 2002), and addition of known quantities of seeds demonstrated that the invasive plants responded to a combination of physical disturbance and nutrient addition (Hobbs and Atkins 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic pollution increases the relative success of invasive species

2010

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Although individual ecosystems vary greatly in the degree to which they have been invaded by exotic species, it has remained difficult to isolate mechanisms influencing invader success. One largely anecdotal observation is that polluted or degraded areas will accumulate more invaders than less-impacted sites. However, the role of abiotic factors alone in influencing invisibility has been difficult to isolate, often because the supply of potential invaders is confounded with conditions thought to increase vulnerability to invasion. Here, we conducted a field experiment to test how the assemblages of exotic versus native marine invertebrates changed during community assembly under different exposure levels of a common pollutant, copper. The experiment was conducted by deploying fouling panels in a Randomized Block Design in San Francisco Bay. Panels were periodically removed, placed into buckets with differing copper concentrations, and returned to the field after 3 days. This design allowed propagule availability to the plates to be statistically independent of short-term copper exposure. The results demonstrate that copper caused significant differences in community structure. Average native species richness was significantly affected by copper exposure, but average exotic richness was not. The total native species pool within treatments exhibited a greater than 40% decline within increasing copper, while the exotic species pool did not change significantly. These results confirm that anthropogenic alteration of abiotic factors influences invader success, indicating that management strategies to reduce invader impacts should include both efforts to improve environmental conditions as well as reduce invader supply.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic pollution increases the relative success of invasive species

2010

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“…5, 6). Thus, we hypothesize that soil compaction arising from agricultural history disrupted the rich-get-richer effect by facilitating exotic but not native plant establishment (e.g., Burke and Grime 1996;Woitke and Dietz 2002;Kulmatiski et al 2006). Notably, in a study following the same plant survey methodology and measuring 26 variables at local scales, Huebner et al (2009) also found elevated numbers of exotic plant species in younger forests.…”

Section: Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Land use history alters the relationship between native and exotic plants: the rich don’t always get richer

et al. 2009

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Observational studies of diversity have consistently found positive correlations between native and exotic species, suggesting that the same environmental factors that drive native species richness also drive exotic species richness, i.e., ''the rich get richer''. We examined patterns of native and exotic plant species richness in temperate forests that have been undergoing reforestation since the turn of the twentieth century to test the influence of disturbance arising from land-use history on this relationship. Overall, we found no relationship between native and exotic plant species richness. Instead, we found a positive relationship between native and exotic richness in older but not younger-growth forests, suggesting that the same processes that drove exotic plant richness in older forests also facilitated native plants. In contrast, younger forests had similar numbers of native species relative to older forests, but 41% more exotic species and 24% more compacted soils. Moreover, exotic but not native species richness was positively correlated with increasing soil compaction across all sites. Overall, our results suggest that elevated exotic plant invasions in younger forests are a legacy of soil disturbance arising from agricultural practices at the turn of the century, and that native and exotic plants may respond differentially to disparate environmental drivers.

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“…Para uma espécie não nativa que prolifera apenas em áreas perturbadas ou degradadas, porém, outras denominações têm sido utilizadas, como ruderal (WOITKE e DIETZ, 2002), termo adotado neste estudo. A diferença entre ambas as categorias é de alta relevância, quando se discute a necessidade de controle dos processos de invasão (HULME, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae): invasora ou ruderal?

Costa

Durigan

2010

Rev. Árvore

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José Nicola Martorano Neves da Costa 2 e Giselda Durigan 3 RESUMO -(Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae): invasora ou ruderal?). A utilização de espécies exóticas em plantios de recuperação de áreas degradadas tem sido condenada com base no argumento de que tais espécies podem se comportar como invasoras e contaminar os ecossistemas naturais ao redor das áreas onde forem plantadas. Leucaena leucocephala (leucena) é espécie leguminosa exótica que tem sido frequentemente cultivada no Brasil para recuperação florestal, uma vez que apresenta simbiose com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio, melhorando a fertilidade dos solos. O potencial de invasão e persistência da leucena foi analisado a partir de um plantio misto, efetuado em 1983 em terreno com afloramento rochoso, parte do mosaico de uma paisagem dominada por matriz agrícola, com alguns fragmentos remanescentes de floresta estacional semidecidual e plantios arbóreos diversos. Em uma área de 200 ha, cada uma das 11 unidades do mosaico foi amostrada por meio de seis parcelas de 16 x 3 m (48 m 2 ), em que foram identificados e medidos (DAP) todos os indivíduos de espécies arbóreas (altura mínima de 50 cm), para verificar se a área ocupada pela espécie está se expandindo. Na área em que foi utilizada leucena no plantio, analisou-se a estrutura da comunidade, com base na distribuição dos indivíduos em classes de tamanho, para verificar se a proporção da espécie exótica tende a aumentar com o tempo, configurando a persistência no ecossistema. Uma vez que nenhum indivíduo de L. leucocephala foi registrado entre os 4.599 amostrados além dos limites da área onde a espécie foi plantada, a conclusão é de que a espécie não está se comportando como invasora de ecossistemas naturais nessa condição ambiental, enquadrando-se melhor como ruderal. A análise da comunidade em regeneração sob as árvores plantadas evidenciou que a proporção da espécie exótica, que é intolerante à sombra, tende a diminuir com o tempo, ainda que lentamente, perdendo espaço para espécies nativas tolerantes, que poderão ocupar o dossel no futuro.Palavras-chave: Leucena, Invasões biológica e Dinâmica de comunidades. Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae): INVASIVE OR RUDERAL?ABSTRACT -(Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)

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Shifts in dominance of native and invasive plants in experimental patches of vegetation

Cited by 45 publications

References 63 publications

Aquatic pollution increases the relative success of invasive species

Aquatic pollution increases the relative success of invasive species

Land use history alters the relationship between native and exotic plants: the rich don’t always get richer

Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae): invasora ou ruderal?

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