Shifts in ecological behaviour of herbaceous forest species along a transect from northern central to North Europe

Diekmann, Martin; Lawesson, Jonas E.

doi:10.1007/bf02803080

Cited by 91 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…and Carpinus betulus L. (Malmer et al 1978;Diekmann, Lawesson 1999;Emborg et al 1996Emborg et al , 2000. Some of those localities also underwent the history of intensive management, while they are currently left to natural development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It did not receive much publicity, but it has been noticed since the end of the 19 th century (Pyšek, Tichý 2001). Driving out "original" tree species and changes in the whole forest phytocoenosis were described by Swedish and Danish scientists (Malmer et al 1978;Diekmann, Lawesson 1999;Emborg et al 1996Emborg et al , 2000. Similar behaviour of the tree species is also quite common in Slovakia, Germany and other European countries.…”

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confidence: 83%

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Ecological valence of expanding European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)

Střeštík¹,

Šamonil²

2006

J. For. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:In 2002 a study focused on the evaluation of height and density of expanding natural regeneration of Fraxinus excelsior L. (FE) was carried out on Velká hora Hill, a locality in the Bohemian Karst (Český kras). The examined area is located in Karlštejn National Nature Reserve and takes up around 31 ha. The parent rock is limestone. The expansion depends on soil and exposition conditions and relates to the water balance gradient. FE reached the highest densities (up to 6,000 individuals/400 m 2 ) on Velká hora's peak plateau on medium-deep, heavy-textured decarbonized soils. The lowest expansion (508 individuals/400 m 2 ) was found on slopes fully exposed to south (S) with water retention capacity lower than 20 mm. In total, the average density was 1,190 individuals/400 m 2 . FE natural regeneration reached the highest average heights (around 210 cm) on Fageto-Quercetum illimerosum mesotrophicum, the smallest heights on Carpineto-Aceretum saxatile. Average height in the locality was 47 cm. No relation was found between FE natural regeneration height or density and the distance of a fertile specimen. The distance exceeded 70 m only in 3.4%. FE seeds could be detected almost everywhere at the area. FE is capable to establish itself on any location of the studied locality except ecologically extreme parts of rock steppe without forest and Fagus sylvatica L. stands occupying S slopes. On less favourable sites it is capable to use the protection of other tree species and as a low growing tree it can eventually dominate the site. In more favourable conditions it expands on the whole area, where it can dominate the undergrowth already at 1-m height. If the forest sites are left to natural development, a distinctive change in the tree species composition could take place in a short time period. Such a change could have an essential impact on light conditions, energy flux and species composition of plant and animal communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 83%

Ecological valence of expanding European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)

Střeštík¹,

Šamonil²

2006

J. For. Sci.

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“…Lycopodium annotinum, Polypodium vulgare, Pyrola chlorantha and P. minor, lowered the "conservation value" of the reserve. These plants were replaced by common species with wider ecological amplitudes being effective competitors of the ecological specialists in the changing environment [79].…”

Section: Decrease In the Forest Conservation Value Despite The Increamentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the silver fir forest vegetation 50 years after cessation of active management

Woziwoda

Kopeć

2015

Acta Soc Bot Pol

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Knowledge of the vegetation and the monitoring of its changes in preserved areas is an essential part of effective conservation policy and management. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of traditional methods of conservation of silver fir forests. The study analyses the changes in the structure and species composition of a temperate forest excluded from the commercial silvicultural management for 50 years, and since then protected as a nature reserve. The study is based on a comparative analysis of phytosociological reléves made on permanent plots in 1961, 1982, 1994 and 2011. PCA and ecological indicator values were analyzed, as well as characteristic species based on an indicator value (IndVal) index. Results revealed significant and dynamic changes in the forest structure and composition. The mixed coniferous-broadleaved forest with Abies alba and diverse ground flora, considered in the 1960s as valuable and worthy of conservation, was found to have been anthropogenically transformed and unstable. Significant reduction in the human impact was followed by spontaneous regeneration of oak-hornbeam forest. However, the directional process of changes in vegetation was modified by such silvicultural treatments as selective cutting of trees and gap creation, all intended for silver fir maintenance. The results show that Carpinus betulus effectively outcompeted Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Quercus robur and A. alba. Changes in the forest overstory and understory caused temporal changes in the habitat conditions reflected in changes in the ground vegetation composition. The proportion of light-demanding and oligotrophic species significantly decreased, while the contribution of species with a wide ecological amplitude, i.e. more shade-tolerant and nutrient-demanding -increased. The share of A. alba was reduced. Species defined in this study as most valuable, should be actively protected, or selection of conservation targets should be re-evaluated.

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“…Despite many objections [e.g. [31][32][33][34][35][36], Ellenberg indicator values are widely used in botany and plant ecology [37]. Compared to physical and chemical measurements, indicator systems circumvent measuring those resource fractions actually accessible to plants and integrate across the spatial and temporal variability of sites [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial modelling-based approach to phytogeographical regionalization using grassland vegetation data

Hlásny¹,

Turisová

2012

Open Life Sciences

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We presented a methodology for drawing continuous boundaries in the landscape differentiating between regions with different floristic composition. A region in Central Slovakia covering 2,445 km2 was investigated. Ecological indicator values for temperature (EIT) in 1,978 grassland polygons were analysed. Ordinary kriging was used to interpolate EIT across the study region. Lattice wombling was used to identify the most intensive gradients in EIT and to draw boundaries, while ANOVA was used for post-classification analysis. A strong pattern of spatial continuity was present in EIT assigned to species in grassland polygons allowing for drawing continuous boundaries in the landscape. The study region was divided into 15 districts using the proposed method. Post-classification analysis indicated that 17 out of 23 adjacent districts were found to differ significantly in term of mean value of source samples. The results implied the need for incorporating spatial autocorrelation in sample data into post-classification analysis; such factor is often neglected in ecological research. The presented findings suggested broader applicability of the proposed method for spatial modelling, as vegetation data is widely accessible in databases for many regions of Europe.

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Shifts in ecological behaviour of herbaceous forest species along a transect from northern central to North Europe

Cited by 91 publications

References 19 publications

Ecological valence of expanding European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)

Ecological valence of expanding European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the Bohemian Karst (Czech Republic)

Changes in the silver fir forest vegetation 50 years after cessation of active management

Spatial modelling-based approach to phytogeographical regionalization using grassland vegetation data

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