Shifts of criteria or neural timing? The assumptions underlying timing perception studies

Yarrow, Kielan; Jahn, Nina; Durant, Szonya; Arnold, Derek H.

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.07.003

Cited by 124 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The IE judgments were also interpreted as ternary (flash first, simultaneous, press first) temporal order decisions (cf. Allan, 975;Ulrich, 1987;Yarrow et al, 2011) to be able to compare the results with those obtained in other studies. IE responses with an absolute value larger than 12 ms were rated as temporal order judgments, i.e., either vision-first, or movement-first.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…These distortions are of a nature that temporal order and simultaneity judgment paradigms (TOJ and SJ) cannot detect. Yarrow et al (2011) could similarly show that audiovisual recalibration of SJs involves a widening of the window of simultaneity on the side of the trained discrepancy only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, recent studies (e.g., Roach et al, 2011;Yarrow et al, 2011) have shown that an exclusive focus on PSS in temporal recalibration may not capture all aspects of temporal recalibration. Roach et al (2011) have used an interval estimation (IE) task to study audiovisual temporal recalibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Humans can recalibrate the perceived timing of multisensory events to compensate for the presence of small temporal discrepancies between the senses for a number of modality pairs, such as vision and audition or vision and touch (e.g., Fujisaki et al, 2004;Keetels & Vroomen, 2008;Di Luca et al, 2009;Roach et al, 2011;Yarrow et al, 2011). The perceived temporal order of a voluntary movement (e.g., a button press) and a sensory stimulus (e.g., a visual flash) is no exception from this (Stetson et al, 2006;Heron et al, 2009;Sugano et al, 2010;Sugano & Vroomen, 2012;Rohde & Ernst, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetries in visuomotor recalibration of time perception: Does causal binding distort the window of integration?

2014

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The recalibration of perceived visuomotor simultaneity to vision-lead and movement-lead temporal discrepancies is marked by an underlying causal asymmetry; a lagging visual stimulus may be interpreted as causally linked sensory feedback (intentional or causal binding), a leading visual stimulus not. Here, we test whether this underlying causal asymmetry leads to directional asymmetries in the temporal recalibration of visuomotor time perception using an interval estimation (IE) paradigm. Participants were trained to the presence of one of three temporal discrepancies between a motor action (button press) and a visual stimulus (flashed disk): 100 ms vision-lead, simultaneity, and 100 ms movement-lead. By adjusting a point on a visual scale, participants then estimated the interval between the visual stimulus and the button press over a range of discrepancies. Comparing the results across conditions, we found that temporal recalibration appears to be implemented nearly exclusively on the movement-lead side of the range of discrepancies by a uni-lateral lengthening or shortening of the window of temporal integration. Interestingly, this marked asymmetry does not lead to significantly asymmetrical recalibration of the point of subjective simultaneity (PSS) or to significant differences in discriminability. This confirms an earlier study, where we found no significant evidence for directional asymmetries in recalibration of PSS using a temporal order judgment paradigm (Rohde & Ernst, 2013). This seeming contradiction in the results (symmetrical recalibration of PSS and asymmetrical recalibration of interval estimation) casts a new light on common models of temporal order perception. Using a two-criterion model of temporal integration, we illustrate that a compressive bias around perceived simultaneity (temporal integration) prior to perceptual decisions would be very hard to detect in the probability distribution of responses. This in turn means that integration may happen even before perceptual judgments about order, simultaneity and durations are made. (Graphical abstract)Highlights:-Humans recalibrate visuomotor interval perception to the presence of temporal discrepancies. -Recalibration is asymmetrical and occurs mostly for movement-lead stimuli. -This is realized as one-sided compression or extension of the window of temporal integration. -Changes in the point of subjectivity are, by contrast, symmetrical. -A two-criterion model of temporal integration can resolve this seeming contradiction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymmetries in visuomotor recalibration of time perception: Does causal binding distort the window of integration?

2014

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“…All three sources of noise cannot be uniquely estimated, but two further psychologically meaningful measures can be estimated: An upper limit on the differential latency noise (equal to the smaller of the standard deviations associated with the low and high boundaries) and the difference in trial-to-trial variance between high and low criteria. The inclusion of separate measures of slope to capture noisy criteria has been justified previously based on a significant improvement in model fit for audio-visual simultaneity judgements (Yarrow, Jahn, Durant, & Arnold, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensorimotor temporal recalibration within and across limbs.

Yarrow

Sverdrup-Stueland

Roseboom

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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This is the unspecified version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractDeciding precisely when we have acted is challenging, as actions involve a train of neural events spread across both space and time. Repeated delays between actions and consequent events can result in a shift, such that immediate feedback can seem to precede the causative act. Here we examined which neurocognitive representations are affected during such sensorimotor temporal recalibration, by testing if the effect generalises across limbs, and whether it might reflect altered decision criteria for temporal judgements. Hand or foot adaptation phases were interspersed with simultaneity judgements about actions involving the same or opposite limb. Shifts in the distribution of participants' simultaneity responses were quantified using a detection-theoretic model, where a shift of both boundaries together gives a stronger indication that the effect is not simply a result of decision bias. By demonstrating that temporal recalibration occurs in the foot as well as the hand, we confirmed that it is a robust motor phenomenon:Both low and high boundaries shifted reliably in the same-limb conditions. However, in cross-limb conditions only the high boundary shifted reliably. These two patterns are interpreted to reflect a genuine change in how the time of action is represented, and a timing criterion shift, respectively.Keywords: Temporal recalibration, temporal judgement, adaptation, synchrony, action 4 Consider a falling apple. Our subjective experience of this well-known prompt for scientific insight is seamless and unified; the apple appears to fall as a coherent composite of colour, form and motion, before striking the ground with a dull thud. However, from the perspective of a homunculus (or indeed a neuroscientist) looking down upon the brain's activity in response to this sequence of events, the view is of a time-smeared and spatially distributed cacophony of electro-chemical signalling. This viewpoint leaves us wondering how the observer is able to decide with confidence that this particular auditory thud occurred at the same time as that particular visual collision.Science has not yet provided a compelling answer to this question. There is, however, evidence to suggest that recent experience plays an important role, or, put another way, that the temporal relationships that constitute simultaneity can be learnt and relearnt. Several methods exist to try and establish the relative time at which two events appear maximally synchronous (known as the point of subjective simultaneity or PSS). The most common methods require that participants report either the order of two events (a temporal order judgement; TOJ) or whether two or more events occurred synchronously or asynchronously (a simultaneity judgement; SJ). Intriguingly, when brief auditory and visual stimuli are repeatedly presented slightly out of synch during a period of adaptation, participants subsequen...

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Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Problems with timing and time perception have been suggested as key characteristics of autism spectrum condition (ASC). Studies and personal accounts from clinicians, parents, caregivers, and self‐reports from autistic people themselves often refer to problems with time. Although a number of empirical studies have examined aspects relating to time in autistic individuals, there remains no clear consensus on whether or how timing mechanisms may be affected in autism. A key reason for this lack of clarity is the wide range of timing processes that exist and subsequently the wide range of methodologies, research paradigms, and samples that time‐based studies have used with autism populations. In order to summarize and organize the available literature on this issue, a systematic review was conducted. Five electronic databases were consulted. From an initial 597 records (after duplicates were removed), 45 papers were selected and reviewed. The studies are reviewed within different sections based on the different types of timing ability that have been explored in the neurotypical (NT) population: time sensitivity, interval timing, and higher‐order time perception. Within each section cognitive models, methodologies, possible clinical implications, and research results are discussed. The results show different consistency across studies between the three types of timing ability. The highest consistency of results showing atypical time perception abilities is found in high‐level time perception studies. It remains unclear if autism is characterized by a fundamental time perception impairment. Suggestions for future research are discussed. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1440–1462. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThis systematic review examines the different types of timing and time perception behavior that have been investigated in autism. Overall, there are a number of studies that show differences between autistic and non‐autistic individuals, but some studies do not find such differences. Group differences are more consistent across studies using complex tasks rather than simpler more fundamental timing tasks. We suggest that experiments across a range of timing tasks would be fruitful to address gaps in our knowledge.

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Shifts of criteria or neural timing? The assumptions underlying timing perception studies

Abstract: This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link

Cited by 124 publications

References 42 publications

Asymmetries in visuomotor recalibration of time perception: Does causal binding distort the window of integration?

Asymmetries in visuomotor recalibration of time perception: Does causal binding distort the window of integration?

Sensorimotor temporal recalibration within and across limbs.

Time perception and autistic spectrum condition: A systematic review

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