Shiga and Shiga-like toxins.

O'Brien, A D; Holmes, R K

doi:10.1128/mmbr.51.2.206-220.1987

Cited by 474 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(120 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

286

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Shigella is an enteroinvasive, pathogenic, Gram-negative bacillus and a cause of bacillary dysentery. Infections with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 are particularly serious due to copious production of Shiga toxin (Stx) (429). Clinically, S. dysenteriae is a serious, potentially life-threatening illness characterized by fever, leukocytosis, abdominal cramps, painful defecation, and a bloody, mucoid diarrhea.…”

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Like CTx and hLT, Stxs are AB 5 toxins composed of a biologically active A subunit and five B subunits responsible for lectinmediated binding to target tissue (429). Actively proliferating cells are more sensitive to toxin due to differential synthesis and ex-pression of GSL receptors during the cell cycle (375,376).…”

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once bound, B subunits trigger cell signaling and receptor-mediated endocytosis with retrograde transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (434). Within the endoplasmic reticulum, the A subunit undergoes enzymatic processing to produce the catalytically active form of the toxin (A 1 [27 kDa]), an rRNA N-glycosidase (429). Like ricin, the A 1 subunit cleaves a critical adenine on 28S rRNA, with inhibition of protein synthesis.…”

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Blood group antigens represent polymorphic traits inherited among individuals and populations. At present, there are 34 recognized human blood groups and hundreds of individual blood group antigens and alleles. Differences in blood group antigen expression can increase or decrease host susceptibility to many infections. Blood groups can play a direct role in infection by serving as receptors and/or coreceptors for microorganisms, parasites, and viruses. In addition, many blood group antigens facilitate intracellular uptake, signal transduction, or adhesion through the organization of membrane microdomains. Several blood groups can modify the innate immune response to infection. Several distinct phenotypes associated with increased host resistance to malaria are overrepresented in populations living in areas where malaria is endemic, as a result of evolutionary pressures. Microorganisms can also stimulate antibodies against blood group antigens, including ABO, T, and Kell. Finally, there is a symbiotic relationship between blood group expression and maturation of the gastrointestinal microbiome.

show abstract

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shigella Enterohemorrhagic E Coli and Shiga Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…known as Shigalike toxin [SLT]) have been called Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) or Verotoxin-producing E coli (VTEC). 4,5,[9][10][11][12][13] Mainil and Daube 12 proposed that all E coli strains producing or carrying the genes for Stx but not A/E should be called STEC or VTEC, whereas those positive for both should be called EHEC. Unless stated otherwise, this nomenclature is adopted for use in this article.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attaching-effacing Escherichia coli Infections in Cattle

Moxley

Smith

2010

Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli are now broadly placed into 6 classes based on virulence mechanisms. One of these classes, enterotoxigenic E coli, is the most common cause of diarrhea in beef and dairy calves in the first 4 days of life. Two other diarrheagenic classes, enterohemorrhagic E coli (EHEC) and enteropathogenic E coli (EPEC), are important causes of disease in human beings, but less well substantiated causes of diarrhea in calves. E coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans, express high levels of Shiga toxin, cause attaching-effacing (A/E) lesions in intestinal epithelial cells, and possess a specific 60-MDa EHEC plasmid are known as EHEC. One feature EHEC and EPEC have in common is the causation of intestinal epithelial lesions known as attaching and effacing (A/E). Attaching-effacing E coli (AEEC) is a designation for those E coli strains known to cause A/E lesions or at least carry the genes for this trait, and therefore include organisms that fall into either the EHEC or EPEC classes. Because cattle are carriers of many different serotypes of EHEC, much emphasis has been placed on the public health and food safety concerns associated with the fecal shedding of these organisms. However, much less emphasis has been given to their roles as diarrheagenic pathogens of cattle. The goal of this article is to address the question of pathogenicity, with a review that focuses on the results of studies of natural and experimental infections with these organisms. The authors conclude that there is overwhelming evidence that many different serogroups of AEEC are diarrheagenic pathogens of calves.

show abstract

“…The ability of E. coli O157:H7 strains to cause severe diseases in human is primarily related to their capacities to secrete shiga toxin (Stx) and other toxins and to induce attaching and effacing lesion (A/E lesion) (Pradel et al, 2001;Lim et al, 2010). Stx mainly form two subgroups, Stx1 and Stx2, both of which are toxic to humans and animals for their ability to inhibit protein synthesis (O'Brien and Holmes, 1987;Sandvig et al, 2004). Enterohemolysin, encoded by hlyA on the large plasmid-borne (about 90 kb) gene, is associated with several severe clinical diseases in humans (Schmidt et al, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus sequence typing and virulence factors analysis of Escherichia coli O157 strains in China

Liao

Zhu

et al. 2010

J Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escherichia coli O157:H7, an important food-borne pathogen, has become a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7 strains in China. 105 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were collected from various hosts and places over 9 years. A multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was applied for bacteria genotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for virulence factor identification. Seven new MLST sequence types (STs), namely ST836, ST837, ST838, ST839, ST840, ST841, and ST842 were identified, which grouped into two lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the most two frequent STs in China, ST837 and ST836, may be the derivatives of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai or E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Geographical diversity and host variety of E. coli O157:H7 were observed in China. In addition, the different distribution of tccp was detected. The data presented herein provide new insights into the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7, and aid in the investigation of the transmission regularity and evolutionary mechanism of E. coli O157:H7.

show abstract

Shiga and Shiga-like toxins.

Abstract: Microorganisms, in press); (iii) demonstration that the intracellular action of toxin causes an inhibition of protein synthesis (7, 8a, 97, 111; T.

Cited by 474 publications

References 68 publications

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility

Attaching-effacing Escherichia coli Infections in Cattle

Multilocus sequence typing and virulence factors analysis of Escherichia coli O157 strains in China

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About