Shiga Toxin-Producing
            <i>Escherichia coli</i>
            Infection and Antibodies against Stx2 and Stx1 in Household Contacts of Children with Enteropathic Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Ludwig, Kerstin U.; Sarkim, Volkan; Bitzan, Martin; Karmali, Mohamed A.; Bobrowski, Christoph; Ruder, H.; Laufs, Rainer; Sobottka, Ingo; Petric, Martin; Karch, Helge

doi:10.1128/jcm.40.5.1773-1782.2002

Cited by 64 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…However, after infection with STEC, 71% of patients develop an anti-Stx2 immune response (6). Furthermore, the lack of transmission of STEC to exposed household contacts who had preexisting anti-Stx and antilipopolysaccharide antibodies is indirect evidence that these antibody responses may have been protective (7). Finally, in our mouse model of STEC infection, c␣Stx2 prevented death and illness in STEC-infected mice (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Chimeric Murine-Human Monoclonal Antibody cαStx2 Administered Intravenously to Healthy Adult Volunteers

Dowling

Chavaillaz

Young

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Chimeric Murine-Human Monoclonal Antibody cαStx2 Administered Intravenously to Healthy Adult Volunteers

Dowling

Chavaillaz

Young

et al. 2005

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In contrast, infections by stx 1 -containing STEC can be complicated by HUS [16,32]. Therefore, a rapid differentiation of stx 1 from its variants using the approach developed in this study has two potential practical implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

A rapid method for the discrimination of genes encoding classical Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 and its variants, Stx1c and Stx1d, in Escherichia coli

Kuczius¹,

Bielaszewska

Friedrich

et al. 2004

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Subtyping of Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding genes by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is time-consuming. We developed a single step real-time fluorescence PCR with melting curve analysis to distinguish rapidly stx1 from its variants, stx1c and stx1d. Melting temperatures (Tm) of 206 Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) identified to harbor stx1 or stx1c were analyzed using a specific hybridization probe over the variable region. 170 of 171 stx1-harboring STEC displayed Tm of 69 degrees C to 70 degrees C, whereas 34 of 35 strains containing stx1c had Tm of 65 degrees C-66 degrees C. This constant and reproducible difference of 4 degrees C demonstrated that melting curve analysis is a reliable technique to differentiate stx1 from stx1c. Two isolates displayed atypical Tm. Sequence analysis showed that one of them was 100% identical to stx1d within a 511 bp DNA stretch. Our data demonstrate that real-time PCR is a rapid and reliable tool to differentiate stx1 from stx1c and stx1d and to detect new stx1 variants. Because stx1-harboring STEC cause diarrhoea and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, whereas those containing stx1c are often shed asymptomatically, a rapid differentiation between stx1 and its variants using the procedure developed here has both clinical implications and a direct significance for the risk assessment analysis of STEC isolated from foods.

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“…Furthermore, such subinhibitory toxin concentrations are also very likely to correspond to the situation in human EHEC disease, since concentrations of Stxs in patient sera are expected to be low 25 and antibodies against these proteins are not consistently produced. 26,27 To verify a regulatory effect of the chosen toxin concentration, we performed RT-PCR with primers specific for the human IL-8 gene, prior to array analysis. HUVECs exhibited a strong regulation of this gene, comparable with data reported by Thorpe et al for intestinal epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and functional analysis of Shiga toxin–induced response patterns in human vascular endothelial cells

Matussek

Lauber

Bergau

et al. 2003

Blood

101

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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is the major cause of hemolyticuremic syndrome (HUS) characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. EHEC produces one or more Shiga toxins (Stx1 and Stx2), and it was assumed that Stx's only relevant biologic activity was cell destruction through inhibition of protein synthesis. However, recent data indicate that in vivo the cytokine milieu may determine whether endothelial cells survive or undergo apoptosis/necrosis when exposed to Stxs. In this study, we analyzed the genome-wide expression patterns of human endothelial cells stimulated with subinhibitory concentrations of Stxs in order to characterize the genomic expression program involved in the vascular pathology of HUS. We found that Stxs elicited few, but reproducible, changes in gene expression. The majority of genes reported in this study encodes for chemokines and cytokines, which might contribute to the multifaceted inflammatory response of host endothelial cells observed in patients suffering from EHEC disease. In addition, our data provide for the first time molecular insights into the epidemiologically well-established higher pathogenicity of Stx2 over Stx1. (Blood. 2003;102: 1323-1332

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Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infection and Antibodies against Stx2 and Stx1 in Household Contacts of Children with Enteropathic Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Cited by 64 publications

References 59 publications

Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Chimeric Murine-Human Monoclonal Antibody cαStx2 Administered Intravenously to Healthy Adult Volunteers

Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Chimeric Murine-Human Monoclonal Antibody cαStx2 Administered Intravenously to Healthy Adult Volunteers

A rapid method for the discrimination of genes encoding classical Shiga toxin (Stx) 1 and its variants, Stx1c and Stx1d, in Escherichia coli

Molecular and functional analysis of Shiga toxin–induced response patterns in human vascular endothelial cells

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