Shigellosis in Vietnam: Seroepidemiologic Studies with Use of Lipopolysaccharide Antigens in Enzyme Immunoassays

Lindberg, Alf A.; Cam, Phung Dac; Chan, N.K.; Phu, Li Kim; Trach, Dang Duc; Lindberg, Gunilla; Karlsson, K.; Kärnell, Anders; Ekwall, Erik

doi:10.1093/clinids/13.supplement_4.s231

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In both controls and patients (in an early phase of infection), high levels of anti-S. flexneri Y LPS and anti-Ipa IgG antibody responses were observed in serum; this background level may reflect previous exposure to various serotypes of S. flexneri, consistent with previous findings (9,30,40,49). In SDIP an antibody response against heterologous LPS (S. flexneri Y) was observed, suggesting that during the current infection with S. dysenteriae 1, the homologous LPS (S. dysenteriae 1) may have induced a cross-reactivity, since the O-antigenic polysaccharide chains of S. dysenteriae 1 are partially identical to S. flexneri Y LPS (31).…”

Section: This Paper Reports the Results Of Analyses Of Serum Igg Andsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Globotriose (Gal␣134Gal␤134Glc␤13) covalently linked to Fractogel TSK AF-Amino 32-63 m (Merck, Darmstadt, Federal Republic of Germany) was used for purification of the crude toxin fraction from the supernatant of sonicated SD114 bacteria. The purities of Ipa and Shiga toxin used in this study were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as we have previously shown (30,50).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The differential immune response against Shigella antigens in exposed and unexposed populations is well documented. Thus, previously unexposed patients (Swedes) with shigellosis exhibit an extensive response against Shigella antigens with significant elevations of IgA, IgG, and IgM titers, whereas in previously exposed patients (Vietnamese), IgA and to some extent IgG titers were significantly increased but IgM titers were not (9,30). In our study population from an area (Bangladesh) where shigellosis is endemic, we obtained similar findings of increased IgA and to some extent IgG subclass titers but no increase in the IgM titers.…”

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 97%

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Immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of Shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis

et al. 1995

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To assess the humoral immunological responses at the subclass level in shigellosis, specific antibody responses against Shigella dysenteriae 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), S. flexneri Y LPS, invasion plasmid-coded protein antigens (Ipa), and Shiga toxin were analyzed. Antibody responses of 41 patients with S. dysenteriae 1 infection (SDIP) and 15 patients with S. flexneri infection (SFIP) were compared with those of controls (n ‫؍‬ 40). The levels of total immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, IgM, and albumin in serum and stool samples were analyzed. In addition, total IgA (t-IgA), secretory IgA (s-IgA), and antigen-specific s-IgA in fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the specificities and magnitudes of the mucosal immune responses. By comparing the relative increases in optical density for each IgG subclass separately, it was determined that the anti-LPS (homologous) response initially increased in the order IgG2 > IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG4 and that this order changed to IgG2 > IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG4 later in the disease. The IgG subclass response against protein antigens initially showed the order IgG1 > IgG3 > IgG2 > IgG4, which changed to IgG3 > IgG1 > IgG2 > IgG4 later in the disease. A significant increase in the proportion of IgA2 among t-IgA compared with that in controls was seen in both SDIP and SFIP, while significant changes in the proportions of IgG1 and IgG2 among t-IgG compared with controls was seen only in SDIP. The anti-LPS IgA2 response was more prominent in SDIP than in SFIP. We found an early peak of antigen-specific s-IgA in fecal samples, with a shorter duration than the corresponding response in serum samples. The simultaneous increase of serum IgA, fecal t-IgA, and s-IgA in SDIP compared with those in SFIP suggests that there is a massive increase in the local IgA production, giving an increase in systemic IgA concomitant with an extensive gut mucosal inflammation leading to an increased loss of albumin, IgG, and IgA with a high ratio of t-IgA to s-IgA.

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Section: This Paper Reports the Results Of Analyses Of Serum Igg Andsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Downloaded Frommentioning

confidence: 97%

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Immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of Shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis

et al. 1995

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“…Interestingly, we found that patients with a mild form of the disease, irrespective of Shigella spp., were unable to mount a significant serum antibody response to Shigella antigens. The differential immune response to Shigella antigens in previously exposed and unexposed populations is well documented (1,15,29,40). In accordance with former studies we found, using semiquantitative analysis, higher levels of anti-Ipa and anti-LPS IgG in SFIP than in SDIP, indicating that our study population from an endemic area may previously have been infected with S. Jlexneri.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Semiquantitative estimation of Shigella antigen‐specific antibodies: correlation with disease severity during shigellosis

Islam

Wretlind

Hammarström

et al. 1996

APMIS

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Systemic and mucosal antibody responses during shigellosis were analysed and correlated with clinical severity. Patients infected with Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (SDIP), and S. flexneri (SFIP) were grouped according to disease severity. The disease was more severe in SDIP than in SFIP. Higher levels of Shigella antigen-specific serum antibodies were associated with severe disease. In contrast, decreased serum levels of IgG, IgM and total protein were associated with severe disease. Faecal levels of total IgA, secretory IgA, albumin, and LPS specific s-IgA were increased in severe disease. The results of the study indicate that the level of humoral immune response correlates with the disease severity in shigellosis and that the local immune system in the mucosa is directly engaged in the response. This is also reflected at the systemic level by increased serum levels of specific antibodies and non-specific inflammatory parameters.

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“…10 A high incidence of shigellosis, especially S. flexneri, has been found to have increasing resistance to antibiotics in all species. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Typhoid fever has frequently been reported in the Mekong River Delta 14,[22][23][24] and more recently in the northwest region. 25 Contact with typhoid patients, contaminated food, and water have been identified as important risk factors, [24][25][26] and drug resistance has become a serious problem [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] with multidrug-resistant S. typhi a major cause of community-acquired septicemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors Associated With Enteric Diseases in Vietnam

Kelly-Hope¹,

Alonso²,

Thiểm³

et al. 2007

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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In Vietnam, shigellosis, typhoid fever, and cholera are important enteric diseases. To determine their magnitude and geographical distribution, and explore associated risk factors, we examined national surveillance data from 1991 to 2001 and potential ecological determinants. Average annual incidence rates were calculated and mapped for each province. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were used to explore associations with selected environmental and human risk factors. Overall, shigellosis rates per 100,000 population (median, 41; mean, 70) were higher and more widespread than rates for typhoid fever (median, 7; mean, 23) and cholera (median, 0.3; mean, 2.7). Shigellosis was highest in the Central Highlands and was significantly associated with rainfall and urban poverty; typhoid fever prevailed in the Mekong River Delta and was most associated with vapor pressure and river/stream drinking water; and cholera predominated along the Central Coastal regions and correlated positively with rainfall and public well drinking water. The distinct geographical patterns of each disease appear to be driven by a combination of different ecological factors.

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Shigellosis in Vietnam: Seroepidemiologic Studies with Use of Lipopolysaccharide Antigens in Enzyme Immunoassays

Cited by 25 publications

References 18 publications

Immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of Shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis

Immunoglobulin subclass distribution and dynamics of Shigella-specific antibody responses in serum and stool samples in shigellosis

Semiquantitative estimation of Shigella antigen‐specific antibodies: correlation with disease severity during shigellosis

Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors Associated With Enteric Diseases in Vietnam

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