Ship emission inventory and its impact on the PM 2.5 air pollution in Qingdao Port, North China

Chen, Dongsheng; Wang, Xiaotong; Nelson, Peter F.; Li, Yue; Zhao, Na; Zhao, Yuhui; Zhou, Ying; Guo, Xulin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.021

Cited by 104 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Based on the 2015 AIS data (the whole year), the annual emissions of SO 2 , NO x , PM 2.5 and VOCs from shipping sectors in YRD region were estimated at 2.2 × 10 5 t, 4.7 × 10 5 t, 2.7 × 10 4 t and 1.2 × 10 4 t, respectively, which accounted for 7.4 %, 11.7 %, 1.3 % and 0.3 % of the total emissions from all sources in the YRD in 2015, respectively. The emission estimates of SO 2 and NO x were close to the estimates of Fu et al (2017) for 2013, but estimates of SO 2 , NO x and PM 2.5 were slightly lower than those of Chen et al (2019) for 2014 due to the different temporal or spatial statistical scope. However, the proportion of ship SO 2 emissions in the YRD region with respect to the total Chinese shipping emissions in this study is consistent with the 33 % to 37 % reported in the other studies (Chen et al, 2017a(Chen et al, , 2019Liu et al, 2018b;Lv et al, 2018).…”

Section: Shipping Emissions In the Yrd Regionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…In Guangzhou and Zhuhai, shipping emissions were among the top contributors to PM 2.5 and accounted for more than 17 % of PM 2.5 mass concentrations (Tao et al, 2016). Using WRF-CMAQ, which combines the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, Chen et al (2017b) found that the contribution of shipping emissions to the PM 2.5 mass concentrations in Qingdao was highest in summer (13.1 %) and lowest in winter (1.5 %). Chen et al (2019) reported that ship traffic sources could contribute 4.0 % of the annual PM 2.5 mass concentrations over land in YRD and that the maximum could reach up to 35.0 % in port regions in 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the megacity of Shanghai are host to one of the busiest port clusters in the world; the region also suffers from high levels of air pollution. The goal of this study was to estimate the contributions of shipping to regional emissions, air quality, and population exposure and to characterize the importance of the geographic spatiality of shipping lanes and different types of ship-related sources for the baseline year of 2015, which was prior to the implementation of China's Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECAs) in 2016. The WRF-CMAQ model, which combines the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) and the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, was used to simulate the influence of coastal and inland-water shipping, port emissions and ship-related cargo transport on air quality and on the population-weighted concentrations (which is a measure of human exposure). Our results showed that the impact of shipping on air quality in the YRD was primarily attributable to shipping emissions within 12 NM (nautical miles) of shore, but emissions coming from the coastal area between 24 and 96 NM still contributed substantially to ship-related PM2.5 concentrations in the YRD. The overall contribution of ships to the PM2.5 concentration in the YRD could reach 4.62 µg m−3 in summer when monsoon winds transport shipping emissions onshore. In Shanghai city, inland-water going ships were major contributors (40 %–80 %) to the shipping impact on urban air quality. Given the proximity of inland-water ships to the urban populations of Shanghai, the emissions of inland-water ships contributed more to population-weighted concentrations. These research results provide scientific evidence to inform policies for controlling future shipping emissions; in particular, in the YRD region, expanding the boundary of 12 NM from shore in China's current DECA policy to around 100 NM from shore would include most of shipping emissions affecting air pollutant exposure, and stricter fuel standards could be considered for the ships on inland rivers and other waterways close to residential regions.

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Section: Shipping Emissions In the Yrd Regionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…In recent years air pollution has become a serious issue which threatens people's health generally and the economic development in urban Qingdao [42][43][44] particularly. Comprehensive understanding of the distribution characteristics of pollutants is significant and is indispensable for air pollution control [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been similar reports on how AQ is impacted by different pollution sources in urban Qingdao and other cities. Ship emissions were especially harmful to AQ in summer in urban areas near the Qingdao Port region [43], and AQ was severely impacted by traffic emissions near the Yangkou tunnel, Qingdao [44]. AQI was higher south of Beijing because of the heavy industries nearby, and lower in the north because of large areas of forest vegetation [22].…”

Section: Spatial Heterogeneity Of Aq and Dominant Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of the Distribution of Air Quality and Dominant Air Pollutants and the Effect Factors in Qingdao Urban Zones

Zhao

Gao

Sun³

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Air pollution has impacted people's lives in urban China, and the analysis of the distribution and driving factors behind air quality has become a current research focus. In this study, the temporal heterogeneity of air quality (AQ) and the dominant air pollutants across the four seasons were analyzed based on the Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum test method. Then, the spatial heterogeneity of AQ and the dominant air pollutants across four sites were analyzed based on the Wilcoxon signed-rank test method. Finally, the copula model was introduced to analyze the effect of relative factors on dominant air pollutants. The results show that AQ and dominant air pollutants present significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the study area. AQ is worst in winter and best in summer. PM 10 , O 3 , and PM 2.5 are the dominant air pollutants in spring, summer, and winter, respectively. The average concentration of dominant air pollutants presents significant and diverse daily peaks and troughs across the four sites. The main driving factors are pollutants such as SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO, so pollutant emission reduction is the key to improving air quality. Corresponding pollution control measures should account for this heterogeneity in terms of AQ and the dominant air pollutants among different urban zones.

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Towards a Sustainable Growth of the Shipping Sector—A Systematic Review of Future Shipping Emissions Scenarios

Nunes,

Alvim‐Ferraz,

Martins

et al. 2024

Sustainable Development

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The demand for transport could be tripling by 2050, and it is expected that the increase in shipping demand will be even larger. Considering this, it is important to forecast the evolution of ship emissions in the coming decades and estimate their impacts on air quality, health and climate as reliably as possible. Thus, this study aimed to perform a systematic review considering studies where future shipping emissions scenarios have been established and studies that used future shipping emissions scenarios to assess future impacts on air quality and/or health and on climate. The 26 studies reviewed were performed mainly for the Arctic, Baltic and North Seas regions and Asia. Most authors reported a general decrease in SOx, NOx and PM2.5 concentrations (and consequent health impacts where applicable) and in the deposition of sulphur and nitrogen species due to the NOx and SOx emission regulations. In contrast, the authors reported that the current regulatory energy efficiency policies might not compensate for the increase in traffic and the resulting CO2 emissions. The health effects of future ship‐related emissions were rarely reported. Moreover, based on considerations of studies across the globe, future studies should adopt a holistic approach that integrates, besides what was already explored, detailed traffic growth assumptions, alternative fuels and technologies (LNG, scrubbers and shore electricity), economic factors and more reliable methods to forecast the future activity of the ships.

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Ship emission inventory and its impact on the PM 2.5 air pollution in Qingdao Port, North China

Cited by 104 publications

References 48 publications

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

The influence of spatiality on shipping emissions, air quality and potential human exposure in the Yangtze River Delta/Shanghai, China

Statistical Analysis of Spatiotemporal Heterogeneity of the Distribution of Air Quality and Dominant Air Pollutants and the Effect Factors in Qingdao Urban Zones

Towards a Sustainable Growth of the Shipping Sector—A Systematic Review of Future Shipping Emissions Scenarios

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