“…Instead of the ‘attenuation by blockage’ concept that was addressed thus far, a convoluted ‘zigzag’ path for the shock wave was numerically evaluated (Kumar and Pathak, 2020), with a view to developing a lightweight protective structure. The effective open passage for the flow, different from the projected open space, remains the same despite the convoluted path, giving a blockage ratio of zero .…”
Section: Indirect Loading: Obstaclesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is to be noted that most or all of these studies were for shock waves. To understand the difference between the response to a blast wave and a shock wave, a few studies are available in the open literature and are briefly summarized in the next section.Figure 18.A selection of obstacles (a–h) that have been investigated as forms of shock attenuation as reported by Kumar and Pathak (2020).…”
Section: Indirect Loading: Obstaclesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A selection of obstacles (a–h) that have been investigated as forms of shock attenuation as reported by Kumar and Pathak (2020).…”
Blast–obstacle interaction is a complex, multi-faceted problem. Whilst engineering-level tools exist for predicting blast parameters (e.g. peak pressure, impulse and loading duration) in geometrically simple settings, a blast wave is fundamentally altered upon interaction with an object in its path, and hence, the loading parameters are themselves affected. This article presents a comprehensive review of key research in this area. The review is formed of five main parts, each describing: the direct loading of a blast wave on the surface of a finite-sized structure; the modified pressure of the blast wave in the wake region of three main obstacle types – blast walls, obstacles, wall/obstacle hybrids; and finally, a brief description of some methods for predicting loading parameters in such blast–obstacle interaction settings. Key findings relate to the mechanisms governing blast attenuation, for example, diffraction, reflection (diverting away from the target structure), expansion/volume increase, vortex creation/growth, as well as obstacle properties influencing these, such as porosity (blockage ratio), obstacle shape, number of obstacles/rows, arrangement and surface roughness.
“…Instead of the ‘attenuation by blockage’ concept that was addressed thus far, a convoluted ‘zigzag’ path for the shock wave was numerically evaluated (Kumar and Pathak, 2020), with a view to developing a lightweight protective structure. The effective open passage for the flow, different from the projected open space, remains the same despite the convoluted path, giving a blockage ratio of zero .…”
Section: Indirect Loading: Obstaclesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is to be noted that most or all of these studies were for shock waves. To understand the difference between the response to a blast wave and a shock wave, a few studies are available in the open literature and are briefly summarized in the next section.Figure 18.A selection of obstacles (a–h) that have been investigated as forms of shock attenuation as reported by Kumar and Pathak (2020).…”
Section: Indirect Loading: Obstaclesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A selection of obstacles (a–h) that have been investigated as forms of shock attenuation as reported by Kumar and Pathak (2020).…”
Blast–obstacle interaction is a complex, multi-faceted problem. Whilst engineering-level tools exist for predicting blast parameters (e.g. peak pressure, impulse and loading duration) in geometrically simple settings, a blast wave is fundamentally altered upon interaction with an object in its path, and hence, the loading parameters are themselves affected. This article presents a comprehensive review of key research in this area. The review is formed of five main parts, each describing: the direct loading of a blast wave on the surface of a finite-sized structure; the modified pressure of the blast wave in the wake region of three main obstacle types – blast walls, obstacles, wall/obstacle hybrids; and finally, a brief description of some methods for predicting loading parameters in such blast–obstacle interaction settings. Key findings relate to the mechanisms governing blast attenuation, for example, diffraction, reflection (diverting away from the target structure), expansion/volume increase, vortex creation/growth, as well as obstacle properties influencing these, such as porosity (blockage ratio), obstacle shape, number of obstacles/rows, arrangement and surface roughness.
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