Shoot and Root Temperature Effects on Lettuce Growth in a Floating Hydroponic System

Thompson, Helen; Langhans, R. W.; Both, Arend-Jan; Albright, L. D.

doi:10.21273/jashs.123.3.361

Cited by 74 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…The increased sensitivity of plants is accentuated during the early stages of development when elevated concentrations of salt inhibit lettuce growth (Shannon et al, 1983; Xu and Mou, 2015). Similarly, the photosynthesis (Seginer et al, 1991) and the growth (Thompson et al, 1998) of lettuce plants are significantly reduced at both suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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Rapid development of plants is important for the production of ‘baby-leaf’ lettuce that is harvested when plants reach the four- to eight-leaf stage of growth. However, environmental factors, such as high or low temperature, or elevated concentrations of salt, inhibit lettuce growth. Therefore, non-destructive evaluations of plants can provide valuable information to breeders and growers. The objective of the present study was to test the feasibility of using non-destructive phenotyping with optical sensors for the evaluations of lettuce plants in early stages of development. We performed the series of experiments to determine if hyperspectral imaging and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging can determine phenotypic changes manifested on lettuce plants subjected to the extreme temperature and salinity stress treatments. Our results indicate that top view optical sensors alone can accurately determine plant size to approximately 7 g fresh weight. Hyperspectral imaging analysis was able to detect changes in the total chlorophyll (RCC) and anthocyanin (RAC) content, while chlorophyll fluorescence imaging revealed photoinhibition and reduction of plant growth caused by the extreme growing temperatures (3 and 39°C) and salinity (100 mM NaCl). Though no significant correlation was found between Fv/Fm and decrease in plant growth due to stress when comparisons were made across multiple accessions, our results indicate that lettuce plants have a high adaptability to both low (3°C) and high (39°C) temperatures, with no permanent damage to photosynthetic apparatus and fast recovery of plants after moving them to the optimal (21°C) temperature. We have also detected a strong relationship between visual rating of the green- and red-leaf color intensity and RCC and RAC, respectively. Differences in RAC among accessions suggest that the selection for intense red color may be easier to perform at somewhat lower than the optimal temperature. This study serves as a proof of concept that optical sensors can be successfully used as tools for breeders when evaluating young lettuce plants. Moreover, we were able to identify the locus for light green leaf color (qLG4), and position this locus on the molecular linkage map of lettuce, which shows that these techniques have sufficient resolution to be used in a genetic context in lettuce.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

2016

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“…Marketing and production of containerized or hydroponically grown basil are not dependent on flowering; rather, basil is sold when plants attain sufficient weight or size. Researchers have modeled growth of commonly produced leafy green crops such as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.; Scaife, 1973;Seginer et al, 1991;Thompson et al, 1998). However, predictive models for basil, the most popular culinary herb genera produced in greenhouses and controlled environments (Morgan, 2005), are lacking.…”

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Growth and Development of Basil Species in Response to Temperature

Walters¹,

Currey²

2019

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Basil (Ocimum sp.) is the most popular fresh culinary herb, but the effects of air temperature on growth and development of basil have not been well characterized. Our objective was to quantify the effects of air temperature on growth and development of three basil species. Seedlings of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum ‘Nufar’), holy basil (O. tenuiflorum), and lemon basil (O. ×citriodorum ‘Lime’ and O. basilicum ‘Sweet Dani’) were placed in five different growth chambers with target air temperatures of 11, 17, 23, 29, or 35 °C. After 3 weeks, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), plant height, node and branch number, fresh and dry weight, and flowering data were recorded. For all species, Fv/Fm increased as temperature increased to 17 or 23 °C, then plateaued, whereas height increased with temperature to 23 or 29 °C. Also, the percentage of plants with flowers or flower buds increased with temperature to 17 or 23 °C for all species, with the exception of sweet basil, of which all plants were vegetative and node appearance rate was calculated. Sweet basil node appearance increased from 0.03 to 0.30 node/day as the temperature increased from 11 to 29 °C. Fresh weight gain increased with increasing temperature to 29 °C, but then decreased at 35 °C. Data from plants grown within the linear air temperature range were used to develop models for calculating the base temperature (Tb) and predicting growth in response to air temperature. These models can be applied by commercial producers to schedule crops and predict yields.

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“…Tilapia requires warm water temperatures, with optimum growth at 27-30ºC (DeLong et al 2009). Low root temperatures may reduce crop nutrient uptake (Adams 1994) as well as stunt root systems (Thompson et al 1998).…”

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Remediation of Flow‐Through Trout Raceway Effluent via Aquaponics

et al. 2016

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Production and nutrient removal were assessed for three vegetable crops (kohlrabi, lettuce, and Swiss chard) and two edible flowers (calendula and nasturtium) grown entirely on effluent from a flow-through trout raceway. Soluble nutrient concentrations in the effluent averaged 0.56 and 0.19 mg/L for total nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphate, respectively. Seeds were sown into Styrofoam trays filled with vermiculite and placed directly into the plant growing channels. Lettuce was harvested at 6, 9, and 12 weeks for a total mean harvest biomass of 4.5 kg/m 2 . Kohlrabi and Swiss chard were harvested at 12 weeks, with a mean harvest biomass of 15.4 and 7.5 kg/m 2 , respectively. Harvest biomass of kohlrabi was significantly greater than that of lettuce or Swiss chard. Nasturtium flowers were harvested at 9 and 12 weeks, while calendula did not begin to produce flowers until 12 weeks. There were no significant differences in percent removal of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), nitrate, or phosphate at 6 weeks. However, at 9 weeks, kohlrabi, Swiss chard, and nasturtium removed significantly more TAN and nitrate than lettuce and calendula. Total ammonia nitrogen removal decreased at 12 weeks while nitrate removal increased for kohlrabi, Swiss chard, and calendula. Phosphate removal was low for all cultivars and may be the result of high phosphate concentrations in the source water. Careful crop selection will be necessary to maximize the benefits of aquaponics as crops varied in growth rates, overall nutrient removal capacity, and timing of nutrient removal.

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Shoot and Root Temperature Effects on Lettuce Growth in a Floating Hydroponic System

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Non-destructive Phenotyping of Lettuce Plants in Early Stages of Development with Optical Sensors

Growth and Development of Basil Species in Response to Temperature

Remediation of Flow‐Through Trout Raceway Effluent via Aquaponics

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