Shooter biases and stereotypes among police and civilians

The Internet is a scary place: How does evidence source and examinee race or ethnicity influence determinations of threat?

“…(Hargreaves, 2018;Rehman & Hanley, 2023). One study found that police participants in a simulated shooter threat experiment endorsed more anti-Muslim sentiments relative to civilian participants (Stelter et al, 2023). While there is no known research on whether racial or ethnic stereotypes lead to biased appraisals of risk stemming from online threats, it is likely that such biases would translate to this context.…”

“…South Asian and Middle Eastern residents (who include Muslims as well as other religious and ethnic identities) continue to be the targets of racial discrimination and profiling in Western countries (Hargreaves, 2018; Rehman & Hanley, 2023). One study found that police participants in a simulated shooter threat experiment endorsed more anti‐Muslim sentiments relative to civilian participants (Stelter et al., 2023). While there is no known research on whether racial or ethnic stereotypes lead to biased appraisals of risk stemming from online threats, it is likely that such biases would translate to this context.…”

Gewalt im Amt

“…in Form von Erfahrungswissen verankert sind und sich aus spezifischen Aufgaben und Praxen der Organisation ergeben, die Interaktion beeinflussen (Abdul-Rahman, Espín Grau, Klaus & Singelnstein, 2020, S. 33 ff.). So zeigte sich in einem in Deutschland durchgeführten Experiment zum sogenannten shooters bias, dass Polizeibeamt*innen schneller und fehlerbehafteter auf arabisch gelesene als auf weiß gelesene Männer schießen, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob sie muslimfeindliche Einstellungen zeigten (Stelter et al, 2023).…”