“…A large recent body of work focuses on the internationalization of retail and the introduction of established formats into new external markets Alexander, 2006, 2008;Elg et al, 2008;Goldman, 2001;Burt and Sparks, 2001;Doherty, 1999). Such research has covered the reasons for retail internationalization and the mechanisms by which it is achieved (Dawson, 1994), the adaptations required to move into new markets (Goldman, 2001), the competitive advantages held by established firms (Burt and Sparks, 2001), the obstacles limiting market share growth (Goldman et al, 2002), the ways in which local conditions and planning regimes can limit the uptake of particular formats or shape competition (Bailey, 2015a;Fernie and Fernie, 1997) and the impacts on traditional retail formats (Hino, 2010), including changes to business practices and distribution models (Takahashi, 1994).…”