Short and long restraint differentially affect humoral and cellular immune functions

Millán, S.; González-Quijano, M.I.; Giordano, Mirta; Soto, L; Martín, Ana Isabel; López-Calderón, Asunción

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(96)00471-7

Cited by 47 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The animals (five groups) were immunized intraperitoneally (2.5 × 10 8 SRBC/0.2 ml in NaCl 0.9%) on day 1, anesthetized on day 8, bled, sacrificed and complement-inactivated sera (56 • C, 30 min) were serially diluted (1:2) in 0.1 ml NaCl 0.9% (round bottomed 96-well plates), and added with 0.1 ml of 1% SRBC (Millan et al, 1996). After mixing, SRBC were allowed to settle at room temperature (2 h).…”

Section: In Vivo Antibody Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract

Pinto

Rego

Siqueira

et al. 2007

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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Section: In Vivo Antibody Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunosuppressive effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract

Pinto

Rego

Siqueira

et al. 2007

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

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“…The impact of stress exposure on the development of an immune response depends on a variety of factors, such as the duration and the type of the stressor (McEwen 1998). For example, acute stress has been reported to enhance immune function, whereas chronic stress has been shown to suppress it (Millan et al 1996;Dhabhar and McEwen 1997;Dhabhar and McEwen 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Acute restraint stress enhances calcium mobilization and proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes from mice

Satoh

Edamatsu

Omata

2006

Stress

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Calcium (Ca2+ ) plays an essential role in lymphocyte activation and maturation. Acute and chronic stress has been shown to modulate the lymphocyte immune response; but the relationship between cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i) and the immune response in lymphocytes following exposure to stress has not been examined. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acute restraint stress on [Ca2+ ]i and the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes from mice. We observed that 2 h of restraint significantly increased plasma corticosterone levels in mice. On examining [Ca2+ ]i and the proliferation ex vivo of splenic lymphocytes isolated from restraint-stressed mice using fura-2 and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, respectively, we found that acute restraint stress caused a significant increase in resting [Ca2+ ]i and significantly enhanced the ability of concanavalin A (Con A; a T-cell-selective mitogen) to increase [Ca2+ ]i but not that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; a B-cell-selective mitogen). In addition, acute restraint stress significantly enhanced Con A-stimulated but not LPS-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. Overall, there was a positive correlation between [Ca2+ ]i and T-cell proliferation following acute restraint stress. The enhancements of [Ca2+ ]i and T-cell proliferation were completely suppressed by verapamil (a Ca2+ channel blocker). These results suggest that acute restraint stress enhances Con A-stimulated T-cell proliferation by increasing [Ca2+ ]i via stimulation of Ca2+ entry.

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“…5) in mice with the HI may lessen splenocyte proliferation and may suppress type-1 responses, short-term synthesis of CORT (600 ng/ml) prior to infection did not inhibit host resistance [25]. The duration of stress and the degree of stress are both known to differentially affect immunity [37,38]. Since the immunomodulatory effects of GC can be antagonized by IL-1, IL-6 and IFNÁ [39], and the synthesis of these cytokines is also dependent on the bacterial burden, the balance between cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones is likely to be critical to immune defense.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Splenic Norepinephrine and Serum Corticosterone Level Fluctuations Associated with Bacteria-Induced Stress

Kim

Seegal²,

Lawrence³

2004

Neuroimmunomodulation

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Corticosterone (CORT) and norepinephrine (NE), two effector molecules of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and the sympathetic-lymphoid (SL) axes, respectively, differentially influence murine host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Serum CORT and splenic NE levels early (≤24 h) after infection correlated positively with host resistance, as long as the LM burden did not exceed approximately 10⁶ cfu LM per spleen. As previously reported, mice with right-circling preference (R-mice) have significantly greater host resistance to LM than those with left-circling preference (L-mice) and early after infection, R-mice had significantly higher serum CORT levels than L-mice. However, rapid pathogenesis with a high bacterial burden induced high activation of the HPA and SL axes, which prevented observable differences in the defense against LM, especially later in infection. With the high bacterial inoculum (10⁵ LM), the splenic NE levels significantly increased, but no differences among R- and L-mice were discernible. We suggest that endogenous asymmetry of neuroimmune circuits contributes to differential host resistance, but the level of stress (bacterial inoculum) is critical. With regard to the neuroendocrine factors assessed, CORT, but not NE, levels significantly correlated with the enhanced defenses of R-mice in comparison to L-mice. The differential host resistance based on brain laterality seems to be more a function of the HPA axis and possibly other CNS effects on peripheral immunity than neurotransmitter release by the sympathetic innervation of the spleen.

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Short and long restraint differentially affect humoral and cellular immune functions

Cited by 47 publications

References 41 publications

Immunosuppressive effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract

Immunosuppressive effects of Echinodorus macrophyllus aqueous extract

Acute restraint stress enhances calcium mobilization and proliferative response in splenic lymphocytes from mice

Splenic Norepinephrine and Serum Corticosterone Level Fluctuations Associated with Bacteria-Induced Stress

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