Short- and long-term effects of a need-supportive physical activity intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled pilot trial

Abstract

ObjectiveThis pilot trial evaluated the short- and long-term effects of a six-week need-supportive physical activity (PA) intervention among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, on health-related (HbA1c and physical fitness) and behavioral (objectively-measured and self-reported PA) outcomes.MethodsTo support the basic psychological needs for autonomy, relatedness and competence, the intervention included one in- and outtake session with a PA coach, an individualized PA program and a weekly PA group session. The intervention was set up in collaboration with a health insurance fund and with general practitioners. A total of forty-eight patients participated in the study and were randomly assigned to an intervention (n = 27) or a waiting-list control condition (n = 21).ResultsLinear mixed models did not reveal any significant interaction effects between time and condition (ps > .05). However, significant time effects across conditions were found: a decrease in HbA1c at short term and increases in self-reported PA at both short and long term and in physical fitness at long term (ps < .05).ConclusionAlthough the intervention as a whole did not produce the expected impact, there seems a potential for brief but regular expert visit and measurement.

Movement is Improvement: The Therapeutic Effects of Exercise and General Physical Activity on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…1 PRISMA flow diagram depicting the study selection process disease (CAD) [31], or newly diagnosed type 2 DM patients [32], had received their diagnosis 5-8 months earlier [26] or \ 5 years earlier [33], or were female participants only [34], sedentary patients with 5 years of diagnosis [35], elderly patients with peripheral neuropathy [28], or overweight, dysregulated, and sedentary patients [36]. Most of the studies recruited participants with HbA1c levels of 6.4-7.0 [26,30,32,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], followed by levels of C 6.5 [27,45,46], 7.0-10.0 [34], 7.2-9.0 [28,31,33,47], 10.0-11.0 [48,49], or 7.0-11.0 [36].…”

“…A variety of exercise interventions were utilized in the studies, but aerobic training (12 studies) [27,28,30,32,39,41,44,45,[49][50][51][52] and resistance training (RT) (14 studies) [27, 31, 36, 39-41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 52-55] were the most common. More specifically, the exercises used in the studies were as follows: aerobic exercises: moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) training [30,32], supervised structured aerobic exercise training (SSAET) [51]; anaerobic training: 5 studies [32,37,[55][56][57], high-intensity interval training (HIIT) [30,32,37,56], sprint interval training (SIT) [32]; resistance training (RT): biodensity resistance exercise [40], progressive resistance training (PRT) [53,54]; endurance training: 1 study [37]; combined exercise training: combined exercise regimen [38,44,45,47]; walking: [29,31,39,43,45,46]; general physical activity: [26,31,33,42,…”

“…The common outcome measures used by most of the studies were as follows: HbA1c (all studies), FBG (20 studies) [ [30, 32, 35-38, 41, 45-48, 51, 53-55, 57] was the most common exercise frequency, followed by 5d/wk, [39,50,56], 1d/ wk [59], and 2d/wk [31,34,43], daily [29], 7 visits/3 month [44], and 1d/5 weeks [44]. Most of the studies were consistent in the duration of an exercise session: 5-10 min [40], 20-45 min [30,32,35,37,38,44,47,49,50], 45-60 min [27,31,34,36,39,43,51,55,56], 270 min/wk [41], or 150 min/wk [33,45,52].…”

Making sense of blood glucose data and self‐management in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study

“…Empowerment‐focused interventions, that is education aligned with an individual's needs and experiences living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been found to be effective in improving adherence to diet recommendations and blood glucose self‐monitoring with subsequently lower HbA1C levels for up to 80% of study participants; however, such improvements decrease over time (Cheng et al., 2018;Ebrahimi, Sadeghi, Amanpour, & Vahedi, 2016). Interventions supporting autonomy, such as patient‐centred consultation and personalised physical activity programmes, increase engagement in physical activity and healthy eating behaviours but are inconsistently successful in significantly decreasing HgA1C levels (Vanroy et al., 2017;Varming et al., 2019).…”

Mesa 3: Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 Y Actividad Física

“…Distintos estudios evidenciaron los beneficios de la AF en el control glucémico tanto a corto como largo plazo. Uno de ellos evaluó a 48 pacientes con DM2 y se detectaron efectos significativos en la disminución de la HbA1c a corto plazo en los sometidos a AF controlada, pero no produjo los efectos esperados en el tiempo 15 . En un estudio más pequeño (12 pacientes) se evaluaron los efectos agudos en el ejercicio de intervalos sobre el control glucémico.…”