“…Specific alterations in serial order WM abilities, as opposed to item WM abilities, have been observed in genetic syndromes such as 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome or Down syndrome (Brock & Jarrold, ; Majerus, Glaser, Van der Linden, & Eliez, ; Majerus, Van der Linden, Braissand, & Eliez, ) as well as in learning disorders such as dyslexia or dyscalculia (Attout & Majerus, ; De Visscher, Szmalec, Van Der Linden, & Noël, ; Martinez Perez, Majerus, Mahot, & Poncelet, ), and this for both verbal and visuospatial material. Developmental studies have also shown that estimates of serial order WM capacity (in the verbal modality) are particularly robust predictors of lexical, reading, spelling, and calculation abilities, as compared to estimates of item WM (Attout et al, ; Binamé & Poncelet, ; Leclercq & Majerus, ; Majerus & Boukebza, ; Majerus, Poncelet, Greffe, & Van der Linden, ; Martinez Perez, Majerus, & Poncelet, ; Ordonez Magro et al, ). These studies highlight the importance of distinguishing between item and serial order WM processes, both in order to understand the nature of WM impairment in specific neurodevelopmental populations as well as in order to understand the functional role of WM abilities in cognitive development.…”