Short and long-term mortality in women and men undergoing primary angioplasty: A comprehensive meta-analysis

Myocardial Infarction With Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): It's Time to Face Reality!

“…It is interesting to note that among patients with AMI, there is a higher prevalence of nonobstructive coronary arteries among women, particularly young women 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30. Nevertheless, the prognosis for young women with AMI is worse than that for young men 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 34.…”

Sex‐Based Disparities in Incidence, Treatment, and Outcomes of Cardiac Arrest in the United States, 2003–2012

“…Despite recent advances and a multispecialty team‐based approach to the treatment of cardiac arrest, there remains limited and conflicting data with regard to sex‐based disparities in presentation and treatment of patients presenting with a cardiac arrest. There has been ample evidence suggesting that women have worse outcomes across a variety of cardiovascular procedures/surgeries, including coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and primary PCI for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) . However, data regarding sex‐based differences in outcomes following cardiac arrest have been conflicting, with some studies showing worse survival among women and others showing comparable or even better survival in women .…”

“…There has been ample evidence suggesting that women have worse outcomes across a variety of cardiovascular procedures/surgeries, including coronary artery bypass grafting surgery 16 and primary PCI for STsegment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). 17 However, data regarding sex-based differences in outcomes following cardiac arrest have been conflicting, with some studies showing worse survival among women and others showing comparable or even better survival in women. [18][19][20][21][22][23] Given limited and contradictory published data, we sought to characterize sex-based disparities and trends in presentation, treatment strategies, and in-hospital clinical outcomes for all cardiac arrests, as well as for subgroups of VT/VF and PEA/ asystole, in a large, national contemporary database from 2003 to 2012.…”

Sex and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Cause for Concern for Young Women and Those With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction?

“…This report lends further (and stronger) support to earlier studies demonstrating a worse prognosis for women as compared with men with STEMI, and for younger women as compared with younger men . Even among a select group of patients referred for primary PCI (the guideline recommended reperfusion therapy for STEMI), women have a higher in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality than men and this is particularly notable among younger women as compared with younger men . The big question is Why ?…”

“…Women, especially younger women, with ACS (including STEMI) are less likely than men to have extensive CAD and a larger proportion of younger women have nonobstructive CAD as compared with younger men. 5,7,9,10,12,18 This implies that there may be alternative mechanisms leading to the manifestation of CAD in some women, extending beyond atherosclerosis. While the overwhelming majority of women with ACS or stable ischemic heart disease have coronary atherosclerosis, one needs to consider alternative nonatherosclerotic causes of CAD in some of the younger women or in a select group of women with STEMI.…”