Short Communication: Age at BCG administration during routine immunization

Wammanda, RD; Gambo, Mahmoud J; Abdulkadir, Isa

doi:10.4314/jcmphc.v16i1.32405

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The safety of pregnant women and their babies depends on the success of the programme. Wammanda et al (2011) reported that only 22% of children receive their BCG within the first 3 days of life and 36.2% within the first 7 days of life. Adeiga et al (2005) indicated that reasons for failure to immunize or complete the immunization of children included poor knowledge of immunization and belief about immunization in 47%, lack of information in 40.7% and lack of motivation in 11.6%, and only 11% of the children in their study were not vaccinated against measles in the Lagos metropolis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Year Trend Analysis of Childhood Immunization Uptake and Coverage in Nigeria

2013

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M u l t i -y e a r t r e n d an a l y s i s of c h i l d h o o d i m m u n i z a t i o n upt a k e and c o v e r a g e i n N i g e r i aOyelola A. Adegboye, Danelle Kotze a n d Olasunkanmi A. Adegboye Summary:As a leading indicator of child health, under-five mortality was incorporated in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals with the aim of reducing the rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. Under-five mortality in Nigeria is alarmingly high, and many of the diseases that result in mortality are vaccine preventable. This study evaluates the uptake of childhood immunization in Nigeria from 1990 to 2008. A multi-year trend analysis was carried out using Alternating Logistic Regression on 46,130 children nested within 17,380 mothers in 1938 communities from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Surveys from 1990 to 2008. The findings reveal that mother-level and community-level variability are significantly associated with immunization uptake in Nigeria. The model also indicates that children delivered at private hospitals have a higher chance of being immunized than children who are delivered at home. Children from the poorest families (who are more likely to be delivered at home) have a lower chance of being immunized than those from the richest families (OR ¼ 0.712; 95% CI, 0.641-0.792). Similarly, the chance of children with a mother with no education being immunized is decreased by 17% compared with children whose mother has at least a primary education. In the same way, children of mothers who are gainfully employed and those of older mothers have statistically significantly higher odds of being immunized. Children of households with a female head are less likely to be immunized than those from male-headed households. The statistical significance of the community-survey year interaction term suggests an increase in the odds of a child being immunized over the years and spread over communities. Evidence-based policy should lay more emphasis on mother-and community-level risk factors in order to increase immunization coverage among Nigerian children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Year Trend Analysis of Childhood Immunization Uptake and Coverage in Nigeria

2013

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“…27 Selain itu, untuk mencegah anak terinfeksi TB sebelum pemberian imunisasi BCG, maka anak yang kontak erat bersama penderita TB harus dilakukan imunisasi segera yaitu sebelum anak berusia 7 hari. 31,32 Masih terdapat banyak perdebatan mengenai waktu pemberian imunisasi BCG. Para peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa imunisasi BCG harus diberikan pada anak usia 3 hari, sedangkan peneliti lainnya menyatakan pada usia 3 bulan, anak baru dapat diberikan imunisasi BCG karena pada anak berusia kurang dari 1 bulan belum terbentuk sistem antibodi yang optimal.…”

Section: Bahasanunclassified

Faktor Risiko Tuberkulosis pada Anak

Wijaya¹,

Mantik²,

Rampengan³

2021

eCL

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Tuberculosis (TB) is still one of the biggest health problems worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality rates. Moreover, Indonesia has the third largest TB cases in the world after India and China. This study was aimed to evaluate the risk factors of TB in children. This was a literature review study using three databases, namely Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, and PubMed. The results showed that after being selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 10 literatures in this study consisting of 2 case control studies, 4 cross sectional studies, 1 difference test, 1 meta-analysis, 1 case report, and 1 cohort study. The 10 literatures reviewed factors or characteristics of age, sex, history of BCG immunization, malnutrition, history of contact with person suffering from TB, exposure to cigarette smoke, occupant density, and poverty. Risk factors obtained from the review were young age (0-5 years), male sex, malnutrition, history of contact, and poverty. The other risk factors specifically history of BCG immunization, exposure to cigarette smoke, and occupant density were still contradicting among literatures. In conclusion, the most dominant risk factor of TB in children is history of contact with person suffering from TB. Keywords: risk factors, tuberculosis, children. Abstrak: Penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan terbesar di dunia dikarenakan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. selain itu Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kasus TB terbesar ketiga di dunia setelah India dan Tiongkok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi faktor risiko tuberkulosis pada anak. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review dengan menggunakan tiga database, yakni Google Scholar, ClinicalKey, dan PubMed. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa diseleksi dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, didapatkan 10 literatur yang terdiri dari 2 case control study, 4 cross sectional study, 1 uji beda, 1 meta-analysis, 1 case report, dan 1 cohort study. Sepuluh literatur ini mengulas tentang pengaruh faktor atau karakteristik terhadap TB ada anak, yaitu: usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat imunisasi BCG, malnutrisi, riwayat kontak dengan pengidap TB, asap rokok, kepadatan hunian, dan kemiskinan. Faktor-faktor risiko yang diperoleh ialah usia muda (0-5 tahun), jenis kelamin laki-laki, malnutrisi, riwayat kontak, dan kemiskinan dapat memengaruhi kejadian TB pada anak. Faktor-faktor risiko lainnya yakni riwayat imunisasi BCG, paparan asap rokok, dan kepadatan hunian masih kontradiktif antar literatur. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah faktor risiko yang paling dominan menyebabkan penyakit TB pada anak ialah riwayat kontak.Kata kunci: faktor risiko, tuberculosis pada anak

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“…A study in Northern Nigeria reported a 95.1% prevalence of scar formation. 7 This study however, evaluated only 41 children. Another study in Northern Nigeria evaluated 296 children between the ages of 3 -59months receiving immunization in a Teaching Hospital and two Primary Health Centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of BCG scar among BCG-vaccinated children in a southern Nigeria tertiary hospital

Atimati¹,

Osarogiagbon²

2014

Nig. J. Paed.

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Background: The burden of tuberculosis is high in Nigeria as in other developing countries. The administration of BCG vaccine to neonates is essential in the control of tuberculosis. A scar usually develops 6-8 weeks later at the site of vaccination, which can be used clinically as a proof of vaccination. Not all vaccinated infants however, develop a BCG scar. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of scar formation postvaccination and to unravel, if present, any factors responsible for scar failure. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen children were consecutively recruited from those who presented for immunization in the

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Short Communication: Age at BCG administration during routine immunization

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Multi-Year Trend Analysis of Childhood Immunization Uptake and Coverage in Nigeria

Multi-Year Trend Analysis of Childhood Immunization Uptake and Coverage in Nigeria

Faktor Risiko Tuberkulosis pada Anak

Prevalence of BCG scar among BCG-vaccinated children in a southern Nigeria tertiary hospital

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