Short communication: Antiviral activity of subcritical water extract of Brassica juncea against influenza virus A/H1N1 in nonfat milk

Abstract

Subcritical water extract (SWE) of Brassica juncea was studied for antiviral effects against influenza virus A/H1N1 and for the possibility of application as a nonfat milk supplement for use as an "antiviral food." At maximum nontoxic concentrations, SWE had higher antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 than n-hexane, ethanol, or hot water (80°C) extracts. Addition of 0.5mg/mL of B. juncea SWE to culture medium led to 50.35% cell viability (% antiviral activity) for Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with influenza virus A/H1N1. Nonfat milk supplemented with 0.28mg/mL of B. juncea SWE showed 39.62% antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1. Thus, the use of B. juncea SWE as a food supplement might aid in protection from influenza viral infection.

Phytochemistry and biological activity of mustard (Brassica juncea): a review

“…Brassica juncea extract contains brassinosteroids, which are polyhydroxy steroids with antiviral effects (N.K. Lee et al, 2014). Mustard subcritical water extract has higher antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 than ethanol, n-hexane, and hot water (80°C) extracts.…”

“…Mustard subcritical water extract (0.5 mg/mL) was added to the cell medium, and the antiviral activity on renal epithelial cells infected with influenza A/H1N1 influenza virus was 50.35%, while the antiviral activity of milk with 0.28 mg/mL subcritical water extract against influenza A/H1N1 influenza virus was 39.62% (N.K. Lee et al, 2014). evaluated the potential antiviral activity of Brassica juncea extract by a virus replication inhibition test, in which Mustard showed significant antiviral activity against influenza virus A/H1N1 at a concentration of 1.25 mg/mL Brassica juncea extract, indicating that Mustard methanol extract may have a therapeutic effect on the influenza virus A/H1N1.…”

Subcritical Water Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plants and Algae: Applications in Pharmaceutical and Food Ingredients

“…Antimicrobial activity Haematococcus pluvialis Rodríguez-Meizoso et al [5] Onion peel Lee et al [82] Brassica juncea Lee et al [85] Ginseng Lee et al [86] Olive leaves Herrero et al [9] Food Eng Rev Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaves are also an antioxidant agent that has been evaluated using both DPPH and FRAP (ferric reducing ability of plasma) assays. Compared with extracts obtained from other extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration extraction), SWE gave higher antioxidant activity and illustrated its advantages for obtaining formulations of high antioxidant compounds [81].…”

“…Using SWE on Brassica juncea (mustard greens) has been studied to evaluate the antiviral effects of the extracts against the influenza virus, A/H1N1, being applied as a supplement in nonfat milk for use as an 'antiviral food' [85]. At the maximum nontoxic concentrations, the extracts had a higher antiviral activity against the virus than n-hexane, ethanol, or hot water (80°C).…”

Status, Antimicrobial Mechanism, and Regulation of Natural Preservatives in Livestock Food Systems

“…Inula britannica ethanol extract showed an antimicrobial effect against five B. cereus strains in low fat milk, and the antimicrobial effect depended on terpene and polyphenol compounds ( Lee et al ., 2012 ). Brassica juncea extract showed an antiviral effect against influenza virus A/H1N1 in nonfat milk ( Lee et al ., 2014 ). Chestnut inner shell extract containing gallic acid and quercetin was shown an antimicrobial effect against C. jejuni in chicken meat at 1 and 2 mg/mL ( Lee et al ., 2016 ).…”