Short communication: Evaluation of serum immunoglobulin G concentrations using an automated turbidimetric immunoassay in dairy calves

Alley, M.L.; Haines, Deborah M.; Smith, Geof W.

doi:10.3168/jds.2012-5420

Cited by 22 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…40 Furthermore, the correlation coefficients between IgG concentrations predicted by both IR spectroscopic methods and the reference RID IgG assay were higher than those reported for refractometry, 9,28 similar to those of near-IR spectroscopy, 52 but lower than the value reported for automated turbidimetric immunoassay. 1 The level of agreement between results from the 2 IR spectroscopic methods and the RID assay for detecting FPTI was high, as assessed using kappa statistics (Table 2). Similarly, the ATR-IR spectroscopy showed good agreement (94%) with the TIR spectroscopy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and automated turbidimetric immunoassay directly measure serum IgG concentrations. 1,16 Refractometry, the sodium sulfite turbidity test, zinc sulfate turbidity test, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase activity, and whole blood glutaraldehyde coagulation can all be used to estimate serum IgG concentration indirectly. 4,26,51 RID is currently considered the reference method for measuring IgG concentration and assessing FTPI in dairy calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein calves 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by RID was 17.22 g/L (SD ±9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD ±8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD ±8.66), respectively. RID IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…Several methods have been developed to measure IgG concentration in dairy calves either directly or indirectly. Direct methods include radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay (McBeath et al, 1971), ELISA (Gelsinger et al, 2015), infrared spectroscopy (Elsohaby et al, 2016), and an automated turbidimetric immunoassay (Alley et al, 2012). Indirect methods include refractometry (Deelen et al, 2014), zinc sulfate (ZnSO 4 ) turbidity test, glutaraldehyde coagulation test, and sodium sulfate turbidity test (Tyler et al, 1996;Parish et al, 1997;Weaver et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using serum and plasma samples to assess failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves

Elsohaby

McClure

Waite

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the differences in IgG and total protein (TP) content of serum and plasma samples collected from the same calves; (2) to evaluate the correlation between calf serum and plasma IgG levels, Brix scores, and TP concentrations; (3) to determine whether different cutoff values should be used for plasma and serum to assess failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves; and (4) to evaluate the level of agreement between results obtained from using serum and plasma samples of the same calves to assess FTPI using optimal cutoff values. Blood samples (n = 217) were collected from Holstein calves at 3 to 10 d of age on 30 commercial dairy farms in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Canada. Paired serum and plasma samples were analyzed for IgG concentration by the reference radial immunodiffusion assay, transmission infrared (TIR) spectroscopy, digital and optical Brix refractometers, and optical TP refractometer. The IgG concentrations measured by RID and TIR spectroscopy in serum were similar to those in plasma. However, the Brix and TP refractometer readings were significantly higher in plasma than in serum. The prevalence of FTPI in serum and plasma samples based on a RID-IgG concentration <10 g/L was 43.3 and 46.5%, respectively. The RID-IgG concentration was correlated with TIR-IgG (r = 0.92 and 0.89), digital Brix (r = 0.80 and 0.80), optical Brix (r = 0.77 and 0.77), and optical TP (r = 0.75 and 0.77) refractometers in serum and plasma, respectively. The correlations between paired serum and plasma IgG content were 0.85 by TIR spectroscopy, 0.80 by digital Brix, 0.77 by optical Brix, and 0.79 by optical TP refractometer. The optimal cutoff values for TIR spectroscopy, digital Brix, optical Brix, and TP refractometers to assess FTPI using serum were 13.1 g/L, 8.7% Brix, 8.4% Brix and 5.1 g/dL, respectively; and the optimal cutoff values with plasma were 13.4 g/L, 9.4% Brix, 9.3% Brix and 5.8 g/dL, respectively. When using these optimal cutoff values, the level of agreement (88.1%) between results derived from testing serum and plasma by TIR spectroscopy was substantial, with a kappa (κ) value of 0.76. The results derived from testing serum and plasma by digital Brix refractometer showed substantial agreement (83.4%), with a κ value of 0.65, which is higher than the agreement and κ value (74.7% and 0.51) reported for the optical Brix refractometer. Substantial agreement (81.6%) between serum and plasma TP was also obtained when using the optical TP refractometer, with a κ value of 0.63. In conclusion, serum or plasma samples can be used interchangeably for measuring IgG concentrations and assessing FTPI in dairy calves. However, different cutoffs must be used to assess FTPI depending on the sample matrix. Furthermore, results obtained from serum samples showed higher agreement with the reference RID assay than those obtained from plasma samples.

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“…The majority of recent studies on passive transfer and colostrum quality in dairy calves are American or Canadian (Kehoe and others 2007, Trotz-Williams and others 2008, Chigerwe and others 2008a, b, Beam and others 2009, Godden and others 2008, Morin and others 2010, Herr and others 2011, Alley and others 2012, Morrill and others 2012, Quigley and others 2013) and to the authors’ knowledge there has been no recent peer reviewed study related to passive transfer in the UK dairy industry. Brickell and others (2009) reported a UK neonatal calf mortality of eight per cent suggesting improvements in passive transfer could be made.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

et al. 2015

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The object of the study was to quantify the prevalence of failure of passive transfer in UK dairy farms and to identify variables that had a significant impact on the rate of immunological transfer. In a six-month study of 444 calvings from seven UK dairy farms, 26 per cent of calves failed to receive adequate immunoglobulin transfer as judged by a plasma total protein (pTP) concentration less than 5.6 g/dl. Colostrum immunoglobulin concentration, indirectly measured using Brix refractometry, showed wide variations with samples ranging from 10.3 to 34.7 Brix units. Thirty-seven per cent of samples were below the suggested cut-off Brix score for colostrum quality of 22 per cent. Potential associations between covariates and plasma protein concentration were investigated using multiple linear regression models. The covariate with the greatest impact on the pTP concentration was the farm on which the calf was born (P<0.05). A significant but small association was demonstrated between colostrum immunoglobulin concentration and calf pTP concentration (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression models suggested that the time of colostrum collection after calving, parity of the dam, and the individual farm were associated with the Brix measurements (P<0.05). This study suggested that veterinary review of colostrum protocols on farm with emphasis on prompt collection and dosing after calving remains a simple and effective measure to improve passive transfer and thus calf health on UK dairy farms.

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Short communication: Evaluation of serum immunoglobulin G concentrations using an automated turbidimetric immunoassay in dairy calves

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Using serum and plasma samples to assess failure of transfer of passive immunity in dairy calves

Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

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