Short Overview of ROS as Cell Function Regulators and Their Implications in Therapy Concepts

Milković, Lidija; Gašparović, Ana Čipak; Cindrić, Marina; Mouthuy, Pierre‐Alexis; Žarković, Neven

doi:10.3390/cells8080793

Cited by 250 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 98 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…The regulation of responses to oxidative stress is complex and includes many mechanisms [71] such as oxidative modifications of macromolecules by ROS [72], signaling through lipid peroxidation and their products [73] and involvement of different transcription factors (i.e., mentioned above FOXOs and Nrf2) [74,75]. Considering ubiquitous expression of these transcription factors as well as their crucial cellular functions it is very difficult to modulate them by pharmacological interventions [72,76]. Similarly, lipid peroxidation products play important physiological functions, for example in gastrointestinal tract [77].…”

Section: Epigenetics and Posttranslational Protein Modification Modulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

et al. 2020

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A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain its metabolic needs. Glucose is considered to be the most important energy source, and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when the glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. The PPP generates and maintains the levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) needed for the reduction in oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, the synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. The flux of glucose into a PPP—particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges—is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for the activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain the disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload, and provide new insights into the positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.

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Section: Epigenetics and Posttranslational Protein Modification Modulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

et al. 2020

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“…Several comprehensive review articles regarding the physiological and pathophysiological roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in health and disease were published recently [15][16][17][18]. The aim of this review is to focus and designate current knowledge on oxidative stress biomarkers obtained noninvasively that could be used in patients with renal disease.…”

Section: Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Kidney Disease: Implications for Noninvasive Monitoring and Identification of Biomarkers

Gyurászová

Gurecká

Bábíčková

et al. 2020

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

193

113

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Kidney disease represents a serious global health problem. One of the main concerns is its late diagnosis, only feasible in a progressed disease state. The lack of a clinical manifestation in the early stages and the fact that the commonly measured parameters of renal function are markedly reduced only during advanced stages of the disease are the main cause. Changes at the molecular level of the kidney tissue occur even before nitrogenous substances, such as creatinine and urea, start to accumulate in the blood. Renal proximal tubules contain a large number of mitochondria and are critical for the energy-demanding process of reabsorption of water and solutes. Mitochondria are the largest producers of oxygen radicals, which, in turn, increase the susceptibility of kidneys to oxidative stress-induced damage. Free radicals and prooxidants produced during acute or chronic kidney injury may further aggravate the course of the disease and play a role in the pathogenesis of subsequent complications. Prevention might be the solution in CKD, but patients are often reluctant to undergo preventive examinations. Noninvasive markers and the possibility to obtain samples at home might help to increase compliance. This review will provide an overview of the possible uses of markers of oxidative status in noninvasive biofluids in patients with renal disease.

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“…Regulation of responses to oxidative stress is complex and includes many mechanisms [71] such as oxidative modifications of macromolecules by ROS [72], signaling through lipid peroxidation and their products [73] and involvement of different transcription factors (i.e. mentioned above FOXOs and Nrf2) [74,75].…”

Section: Epigenetics and Posttranslational Protein Modification Modulmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mentioned above FOXOs and Nrf2) [74,75]. Considering ubiquitous expression of these transcription factors as well as their crucial cellular functions it is very difficult to modulate them by pharmacological interventions [72,76]. Similarly, lipid peroxidation products play important physiological functions, for example in gastrointestinal tract [77].…”

Section: Epigenetics and Posttranslational Protein Modification Modulmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

Cherkas¹,

Holota²,

Mdzinarashvili³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A human organism depends on stable glucose blood levels in order to maintain the metabolic needs. Glucose is considered as the most important energy source and glycolysis is postulated as a backbone pathway. However, when glucose supply is limited, ketone bodies and amino acids can be used to produce enough ATP. In contrast, for the functioning of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) glucose is essential and cannot be substituted by other metabolites. PPP generates and maintains levels of NADPH needed for reduction of oxidized glutathione and protein thiols, synthesis of lipids and DNA as well as for xenobiotic detoxification, regulatory redox signaling and counteracting infections. Flux of glucose into a PPP, particularly under extreme oxidative and toxic challenges is critical for survival, whereas the glycolytic pathway is primarily activated when glucose is abundant, and there is lack of NADP+ that is required for activation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase. An important role of glycogen stores in resistance to oxidative challenges is discussed. Current evidences explain disruptive metabolic effects and detrimental health consequences of chronic nutritional carbohydrate overload and provides new insights into positive metabolic effects of intermittent fasting, caloric restriction, exercise, and ketogenic diet through modulation of redox homeostasis.

show abstract

Short Overview of ROS as Cell Function Regulators and Their Implications in Therapy Concepts

Cited by 250 publications

References 98 publications

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Kidney Disease: Implications for Noninvasive Monitoring and Identification of Biomarkers

Glucose as a Major Antioxidant: When, What for and Why It Fails?

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