Short-range radio-telemetry for electronic identification, using modulated RF backscatter

Koelle, A.R.; Depp, S.W.; Freyman, R.W.

doi:10.1109/proc.1975.9928

Cited by 90 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…There could mainly be two reasons for the offsets. One is the indoor multi-path effects of electromagnetic wave propagation [19][20][21], which reduces the accuracy of the free space Friis electromagnetic wave propagation equation that has been utilized in (1) and (5). The other one is the inherent SNR uncertainty of the nor-correlate demodulation scheme as discussed in Section 3.…”

Section: Design Example and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Long Range Uhf Rfid Readers

Fan¹,

Qiao²,

Huang-Fu³

et al. 2007

PIER

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Abstract-In this paper, signal descriptions and formulations for the radio frequency (RF) front-end of a passive backscatter radio frequency identification (RFID) reader working at ultra high frequencies (UHF) are discussed in detail, and a set of design considerations aiming to improve the read range are outlined. The reader's architecture is proposed and the design details of its RF frond-end are presented. The read range is formulated through calculating the time-averaging power absorbed by the tag and the signal-noise-ratio (SNR) of the demodulation, and accordingly RFID systems can be classified into tag-determining and reader-determining ones. It is concluded that the gain of the reader antenna, the phase noise of the local oscillation (LO) and the receive-transmit isolation coefficient dominate the demodulation output noise of the reader, and consequently the readerdetermining maximum operational distance. A prototype reader working at the frequency of 915 MHz was built with off-the-shelf components and was evaluated with a commercial tag in an indoor environment. The measured results show that this RFID system is of tag-determining and has a read range of 8.4 meters, which are in good agreement with the calculated results.

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Section: Design Example and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…based on the operational principles of wireless power transmission [2] and backscatter communication [3][4][5]. The reader transmits electromagnetic waves into air and the tag draws operational energy from the radiation fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Long Range Uhf Rfid Readers

Fan¹,

Qiao²,

Huang-Fu³

et al. 2007

PIER

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“…The latter scenario occurs when a) a single tag passes within working range of the interrogator [8], as in toll collection scenarios or b) tags are equipped with receivers and can be addressed individually [17], or in groups with the help of a tree-based anti-collision algorithm (e.g. see [11]).…”

Section: The Sensors Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Continuous sensor operation: All sensors in this work continuously backscatter their information. As such, the presented system contrasts with prior systems designed to acquire information from a subset of tags (or a single tag) within a fraction of time and not continuously (see for example pioneering RFID work in [8]). iv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Software-Defined Radio System for Backscatter Sensor Networks

Vannucci

Bletsas

Leigh

2008

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

120

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Abstract-Backscatter radio is proposed for sensor networks. In that way, the transmitter for each sensor is simplified to a transistor connected to an antenna and therefore, the cost for each sensor's communicator becomes negligible, while energy used for wireless communication per sensor is minimized. A software-defined transceiver is built to transmit a carrier, receive the reflections from various sensors and extract their transmitted messages. This work presents a thorough model of the backscatter radio link, the system architecture and a set of data extraction techniques for each sensor's information, testing in practice a sensor communicating through backscatter at a range of approximately 15 meters indoors, with 5 milliwatt transmission power at 10 bits per second. This work highlights the idiosyncrasies of the backscatter channel and provides a new communication perspective in the fertile area of scalable sensor networks, especially when low bit-rate, ultra-low cost sensors are required.Index Terms-RFID, fading channel, bit error rate, wireless sensor networks.

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“…We note that from the perspective of modulation and access scheme, our system is radically different than that proposed in [5], where amplitude modulation was used to detect high bit-rate information from a single rapidly moving tag, or work in [6] where a simple receiver at each tag allowed individual interrogation of each tag from the reader (hub) at each time interval. Our system is designed to interrogate several, low-bit rate sensors continuously and simultaneously.…”

Section: B Sensors Access and Subcarrier Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing Backscatter Radio for Wireless Sensor Networks

Vannucci¹,

Bletsas

Leigh

2007

2007 IEEE 18th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications

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We provide an overview of our experimental system, testing in practice a sensor communicating through backscatter at a range of approximately 15 meters indoors, with 5 mW transmission power at 10 bits per second. Our system is designed for simultaneous reception of signals continuously radio-backscattered from several ultra low-cost sensors. This work highlights the idiosyncracies of the backscatter channel and presents a proof-of-concept demonstration of backscatter radio for wireless sensor networks, especially when low bit-rate, ultra low-cost sensors are required. PIMRC 2007This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributions to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproduction, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. ABSTRACTWe provide an overview of our experimental system, testing in practice a sensor communicating through backscatter at a range of approximately 15 meters indoors, with 5 mW transmission power at 10 bits per second. Our system is designed for simultaneous reception of signals continuously radio-backscattered from several ultra low-cost sensors. This work highlights the idiosyncracies of the backscatter channel and presents a proofof-concept demonstration of backscatter radio for wireless sensor networks, especially when low bit-rate, ultra low-cost sensors are required.

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Short-range radio-telemetry for electronic identification, using modulated RF backscatter

Cited by 90 publications

References 1 publication

Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Long Range Uhf Rfid Readers

Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Long Range Uhf Rfid Readers

A Software-Defined Radio System for Backscatter Sensor Networks

Implementing Backscatter Radio for Wireless Sensor Networks

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