Short-side-chain proton conducting perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers: Why they perform better in PEM fuel cells

Kreuer, Klaus‐Dieter; Schuster, Michael; Obliers, B.; Diat, Olivier; Traub, U.; Fuchs, Annette; Klock, U.; Paddison, Stephen J.; Maier, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.11.011

Cited by 336 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The improved performance of the SSC PFSA over the long side chain PFSA (like Nafion ® ) is attributed to increased crystallinity and higher glass transition temperature of the polymer. Increased mechanical strength makes lower EW membranes possible which in turn results in increased IEC and proton charge carrier concentration [56].  Polybenzimidazole (PBI) can be prepared by polymerisation of an appropriate diamine and carboxylic acid in polyphosphoric acid at 180e200 o C and the alternative form, ABPBI, is synthesised by the polymerisation of the diamine 3,4-diamonobenzoic acid under similar conditions.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes choice of solvent, extrusion versus casting and thermal post-treatment [56,76]. When inorganic additives are used, the preparation of the additive as well as the composite membrane materials are crucial to the performance of the materials Table 5 summarises data on promising high temperature membrane materials and the entries that are highlighted have met DoE targets for 2015.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

824

444

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One possible solution of combating issues posed by climate change is the use of the High Temperature (HT) Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell (FC) in some applications. The typical HT-PEMFC operating temperatures are in the range of 100e200 o C which allows for co-generation of heat and power, high tolerance to fuel impurities and simpler system design. This paper reviews the current literature concerning the HT-PEMFC, ranging from cell materials to stack and stack testing. Only acid doped PBI membranes meet the US DOE (Department of Energy) targets for high temperature membranes operating under no humidification on both anode and cathode sides (barring the durability). This eliminates the stringent requirement for humidity however, they have many potential drawbacks including increased degradation, leaching of acid and incompatibility with current state-of-the-art fuel cell materials. In this type of fuel cell, the choice of membrane material determines the other fuel cell component material composition, for example when using an acid doped system, the flow field plate material must be carefully selected to take into account the advanced degradation. Novel research is required in all aspects of the fuel cell components in order to ensure that they meet stringent durability requirements for mobile applications.

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Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

High temperature (HT) polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) – A review

Chandan

Hattenberger

El-Kharouf

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

824

444

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Each particle motion is described by the Langevin equation in CGMD, and the forces that act on the particles are obtained from the potentials given in Equations (6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Cgmdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nafion, which is a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane and consists of hydrophobic Teflon backbone and side chains that contain a hydrophilic sulfonic group, is well known as a representative membrane [6]. The sulfonic groups absorb water under a moist environment, resulting in water that is phase separated from Teflon, and eventually results in a water cluster network with clusters up to several nanometers in diameter [7,8]. The phase-separated morphology contains both the gas barrier for oxygen diffusion by Teflon phase and the proton conductivity pathway through the water phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Simulation for Fuel Cell Polymer Electrolyte Membrane

Morohoshi

Hayashi

2013

Polymers

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Abstract:We have established methods to evaluate key properties that are needed to commercialize polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cell electric vehicles such as water diffusion, gas permeability, and mechanical strength. These methods are based on coarse-graining models. For calculating water diffusion and gas permeability through the membranes, the dissipative particle dynamics-Monte Carlo approach was applied, while mechanical strength of the hydrated membrane was simulated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics. As a result of our systematic search and analysis, we can now grasp the direction necessary to improve water diffusion, gas permeability, and mechanical strength. For water diffusion, a map that reveals the relationship between many kinds of molecular structures and diffusion constants was obtained, in which the direction to enhance the diffusivity by improving membrane structure can be clearly seen. In order to achieve high mechanical strength, the molecular structure should be such that the hydrated membrane contains narrow water channels, but these might decrease the proton conductivity. Therefore, an optimal design of the polymer structure is needed, and the developed models reviewed here make it possible to optimize these molecular structures.

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“…These are ionomers with hydrophobic poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) backbones and randomly pendant perfluoroether side chains terminating with sulfonic acids. 8 The ionomers when hydrated exhibit a nano-phase separated morphology where the water and ions exist in domains which are only a few nanometers in diameter surrounded by ionomer backbones. [9][10] The sulfonic acid group (-SO 3 H) donates protons to the water, when there is sufficient water, making them very good proton conductors, and hence their use as the PEM in commercial fuel cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%