Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Dexamethasone on Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Sevoflurane in Adult Rats

Abstract

Objective: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common after anaesthesia in elderly patients. However, it may appear in patients of all ages. The main pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction remains unclear, although there is some evidence that brain inflammation may alter cognitive abilities. In the present study, we aim to evaluate short-term and long-term effects of dexamethasone on cognitive dysfunction induced by sevoflurane anaesthesia in adult rats.Methods: Seven-month-old 30 male Wistar albino rats were randomised into three groups: sevoflurane group (exposure to sevoflurane), sevoflurane + dexamethasone group (exposure to sevoflurane and dexamethasone injection), and control group (exposure to 100% oxygen). Spatial learning and short-term (7 days after exposure) and long-term (30 days after exposure) memory were evaluated using Morris water maze test.Results: Sevoflurane induced significant deficit in spatial learning and short-term and long-term memory in adult rats. Dexamethasone-treated animals exposed to sevoflurane had equivalent performance as control animals in training and probe trials. Conclusion:Sevoflurane may impair spatial learning and short-term and long-term memories in adult rats. The co-administration of dexamethasone and sevoflurane may ameliorate short-term and long-term cognitive dysfunctions induced by sevoflurane in adult rats. Keywords: Sevoflurane, dexamethasone, cognitive disordersAmaç: Postoperatif kognitif disfonksiyon (POKD) yaşlı hastalarda anestezi sonrası sık olmaktadır. Ancak POKD tüm yaşlarda da görü-lebilmektedir. Kognitif disfonksiyonun temel patogenezi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte beyin inflamasyonunun bilişsel yetenekleri değiştirebildiğine dair bazı kanıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, erişkin farelerde sevofluran anestezisi ile oluşturulmuş kognitif disfonksiyon üzerine deksametazonun erken ve geç dönem etkilerini araştırmayı amaçladık.Yöntemler: Yedi aylık 30 erkek wistar albino rat üç gruba ayrıldı; grup sevofluran (sevofluran anestezisine maruziyet), grup sevofluran+deksametazon (sevofluran anestezisiyle birlikte deksametazon enjeksiyonuna maruziyet) ve grup kontrol (%100 oksijene maruziyet). Uzaysal öğrenme, erken (maruziyetten 7 gün sonra) ve geç (maruziyetten 30 gün sonra) dönem hafıza Morris su labirenti testi ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Sevofluran anestezisi erişkin ratlarda uzaysal öğrenme, erken ve geç dönem hafıza üzerinde anlamlı derecede olumsuz etki oluşturdu. Deksametazon ile tedavi edilmiş ratlar ise eğitim ve araş-tırma testlerinde kontrol grubuna benzer bir performans gösterdi.Sonuç: Sevofluran erişkin ratlarda uzaysal öğrenmeyi, erken ve geç dönem hafızayı olumsuz etkileyebilir. Sevofluran anestezisi ile birlikte deksametazon uygulanması erişkin ratlarda sevofluran ile oluş-turulmuş erken ve geç dönem kognitif disfonksiyonu iyileştirebilir.Anahtar sözcükler: Sevofluran, deksametazon, biliş bozuklukları Abstract / Öz

Cistanches alleviates sevoflurane‐induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating PPAR‐γ‐dependent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory in rats

“…30 On the other hand, the elevated antioxidant defence and apoptosis status were also observed in blood samples of sevoflurane-administered children. 8,32 Ye and his colleague reported that honokiol could alleviate surgery/ F I G U R E 7 Cistanche inhibits the oxidative stress induced by sevoflurane in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner. 8,32 Ye and his colleague reported that honokiol could alleviate surgery/ F I G U R E 7 Cistanche inhibits the oxidative stress induced by sevoflurane in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner.…”

“…Detection limits were 8.0 pg/mL for IL-1β, 8.0 pg/mL for TNF-α and 4.0 pg/mL for IL-6. Hippocampal tissues were dissected on ice immediately and homogenized in saline by ultrasonic.…”

“…8,20 A tank was filled to a depth of 40 cm with water and made opaque by adding nontoxic white tempera paint. 8,20 A tank was filled to a depth of 40 cm with water and made opaque by adding nontoxic white tempera paint.…”

“…4,5 Although surgery-induced inflammation or oxidative stress can cause neuroinflammation and damage in the brain and ultimately contribute to cognitive disorder, recent reports suggest that anaesthetic agents used during the surgery are also capable of triggering cognitive impairment. 8 However, several lines of evidence have shown that sevoflurane could lead to neuroinflammation and impair cognitive function. 8 However, several lines of evidence have shown that sevoflurane could lead to neuroinflammation and impair cognitive function.…”

Role of Dexamethasone in Peri-operative Anesthesia Management: A Review of Literature

“…Sevoflurane may impair spatial learning and short-term and long-term memories in adult rats. 29 In severe to profound sudden deafness refractory to conventional ST, the daily perfusion of 4 mg/ml DEX through an intratympanic catheter is an easy, well accepted procedure that enables patients to receive a drug in the middle ear in a repeatable or sustained form, with minimal discomfort and a partial rescue (67.86%) and a speech recognition gain of 39% as suggested by Zanetti et al…”