Short-term predation responses of adult bay anchovies Anchoa mitchilli to estuarine zooplankton availability

Johnson, WS; Allen, DM; Ogburn, MV; Stancyk, SE

doi:10.3354/meps064055

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Castro and Cowen (1991) found no difference in the density of day and night collections of larval A. mitchilli in vegetated areas, suggesting that the presence of vegetation primarily affects juveniles and adults. Anchoa mitchilli is an opportunistic, selective zooplanktivore (Johnson et al 1990) that may be less successful at foraging in dense vegetation. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that anchovies collected in vegetated areas have lower body weights than those collected fromunvegetated areas (Herke 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis is supported by the fact that anchovies collected in vegetated areas have lower body weights than those collected fromunvegetated areas (Herke 1971). However, A. mitchilli was significantly more abundant in vegetated areas in the daytime, suggesting that it may use dense stands of unbroken vegetation as a refuge from predators (Griffith 1993) and then move out to forage at night ( Johnson et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bay anchovies are selective planktivores which link the zooplankton community with larger predatory species ( Johnson et al 1990). From spring through fall, the bay anchovy provides more than half the energy intake of predatory fish in Chesapeake Bay (Baird and Ulanowicz 1989, as cited by Houde and Zastrow 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Distribution and Abundance of the Bay Anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, in a Southeast Texas Marsh Lake System

Griffith

Bechler²

1995

GCR

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A one-year distribution and abundance study on the bay anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, was conducted in a southeast Texas marsh-lake system from March 1990 through February 1991. Day and night collections were conducted in backwaters, lake shores, and lake centers by seining and trawling. Bay anchovies were the second most abundant fish species collected, and exhibited seasonal, diel and habitat variations in abundance and distribution. Across the study area, seasonal abundance peaks occurredin May and August following migration into the marsh and seasonal recruitment. However, within each habitat type, peaks of abundance varied in time of occurrence. Within habitats, significant differences in the mean number of anchovies occurred such that backwaters in the daytime had the greatest number followed by backwaters at night, lake shores in the daytime, and lake shores at night. Lake center collections showedno significant diel pattern. The presenceof vegetation was associated with reduced anchovy numbers; however, when present, anchovies were significantly more abundant in the daytime than atnight.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Distribution and Abundance of the Bay Anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, in a Southeast Texas Marsh Lake System

Griffith

Bechler²

1995

GCR

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“…Recruiting to marshes during maximum amplitude flood tides also may reduce predation, because megalopae would be transported most quickly and effectively through high densities of fishes to adult habitats. Megalopae do largely appear to avoid predation because an extensive study showed that few of them were eaten by the common planktivorous fishes (anchovies, silversides, killif~shes) inhab~ting Atlantic coast estuaries (Morgan 1990, but see Johnson et al 1990).…”

Section: Feeding Preferences Of Planktivorous Fishesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planktivory as a selective force for reproductive synchrony and larval migration

Hovel¹,

Morgan²

1997

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Diurnally foraging planktivorous fishes are exceptionally dense in marshes worldwide, and larvae of most species of marsh crabs largely may escape predation in time and space by hatching during nocturnal maximum amplitude high tides (NMAHT) when they are rapidly transported to deeper waters under the cover darkness. Species that have long spines or other well-developed larval defenses may be less constra~ned to release larvae during this safe period. Three species of diurnally foraging planktivorous fishes (Menldja menidia, Fundulus heteroclitus, F. ma~alis) were very abundant and comprised nearly all of the fishes collected in Flax Pond salt marsh In New York, USA, during the summer of 1994. Four species of crabs (Sesarma retjculatum, Uca pugnax. U. pugdator, Dyspanopeus say13 also were abundant there and released larvae from mid J u n e to September. These crabs did not release larvae randomly, rather larval release peaked during NMAHT when strong e b b tides transported 97.7 of the larvae from the marsh by the follo\ving day. Larvae that were released during nocturnal minimum amplitude high tides were transported from the marsh less effectively (84.5",4). Only 0.37 % of larvae remained in the marsh following the molt to the second instar. Larval release by D. say1 was weakly synchronized with the tidal amplitude cycle, and these larvae were transported from the marsh least effectively. Although D. say1 larvae that were released during NMAHT were transported from the marsh nearly as effectively as were the other species (95.6% vs 98.0% of S. reticulatum and 99.9% of Uca spp.). more of them were released near nocturnal minimum amplitude high tide when transport was least effective (58.2% vs 86.0",, of S. retfculatum and 87.5% of Ucd spp.). Transport of D. sayilarvae from the marsh may have been slowed further by the tidal vertical migrations undertaken by these larvae. In feeding trials conducted in the marsh, M, menidia and E heteroclitus ate about half as many newly released D, sayi larvae as S. rehculatum and U, pugnax larvae (57.2% vs 26 1 % of S. reticulatum and 32.9% of U. pugnax). Long spines may have deterred predation on D sayilarvae and may reduce selection for rapid transport of these larvae from the marsh. Recruitment to Flax Pond occurred during flood tides, especially strong flood tides, at night when transport to adult habitats was maximal and predation by fishes was minimal. Megalopae of all study species recruited regularly in the same relative proportions that they were released throughout the entire reproductive season, even though larvae of some of the study species (S. reticulatum, D. say^) likely develop entirely in adjacent Long Island Sound whereas others (Uca spp.) disperse through the sound and onto the continental shelf. This suggests that reproductive and larval behaviors largely overcame mortality during the planktonic phase of the life cycle and coupled production to recruitment, regardless of whether or not recruits primarily originated from local populations. Thus, pred...

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“…These species are found, often at high density, in intertidal marsh habitats from Cape Cod, Massachusetts to Northern Florida and, for U. pugilator, through the eastern Gulf of Mexico, USA, where they strongly affect energy flow and nutrient cycling (Crane 1975, Montague 1982, Hunter & Feller 1987, Petit & Bildstein 1987, Watts 1988, Johnson et al 1990.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of juvenile Uca pugnax and U. pugilator across habitats in a South Carolina estuary, assessed by molecular techniques

Behum¹,

Brodie

Staton³

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Uca pugnax and U. pugilator are common fiddler crabs in salt marshes on the Atlantic coast of the United States. As adults, U. pugnax frequent muddier, vegetated (typically Spartina alterniflora) substrate while U. pugilator usually occupy sandier, open habitats. It is unclear where juvenile U. pugnax and U. pugilator reside because the early crab stages of these species are difficult to identify by simple gross morphology. Using a novel restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) protocol to distinguish postlarval U. pugnax and U. pugilator, we studied their distribution along a horizontal gradient in the North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina. We collected juvenile crabs along transects at 3 different sites that spanned S. alterniflora-covered mud and open sand habitats with adult populations of U. pugnax and U. pugilator, respectively. Over 75% of the juveniles collected were U. pugnax, showing greater recruitment by this species. U. pugnax juveniles of all sizes preferred the same muddy habitat occupied by adults, but habitat preferences of juvenile U. pugilator varied by site. Generally, U. pugilator displayed a shift in distribution from S. alterniflora cover to sandier habitat during early juvenile stages. The younger stages may prefer S. alterniflora-covered, muddier habitat because it provides better cover from predators, or so that they can avoid displacement by currents during high tides; alternatively, they may be able to feed better on muddy sediment. U. pugilator develops specialized mouthparts to scrape organic matter from larger sand grains, but these are not present in early juveniles nor in U. pugnax juveniles. Although young juvenile U. pugnax strongly favored S. alterniflora cover, older juveniles (those large enough to dig burrows for protection) were occasionally found in sandier habitat with U. pugilator. KEY WORDS: Uca pugnax · U. pugilator · Postlarval settlement · Restriction fragment length polymorphism · RFLP Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 288: [211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220] 2005 et al. , Frix et al. 1991, Mangum 1993, Levinton & Judge 1993, Land & Layne 1995, Reddy & Fingerman 1995, Thurman 2002, 2003, comparatively little is known about their larval, postlarval. and juvenile stages, because they cannot be identified until the juveniles reach ~4 to 5 mm carapace width (O'Connor 1990a(O'Connor , 1993. This has been a consistent frustration for researchers studying the larval dispersal and settlement of these important estuarine crabs.Ovigerous female Uca spp. typically release larvae during nocturnal spring tides which facilitates their export from estuaries to the coastal ocean (Christy & Stancyk 1982, Houser & Allen 1996 where they develop. However, Uca spp. zoeae of all stages have been found within the expansive estuarine systems of the Chesapeake (Sandifer 1973) and Delaware (Epifanio et al. 1988) bays. Studies of the timing of larval release, larval dispersal and the reinvasion ...

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Short-term predation responses of adult bay anchovies Anchoa mitchilli to estuarine zooplankton availability

Cited by 35 publications

References 51 publications

The Distribution and Abundance of the Bay Anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, in a Southeast Texas Marsh Lake System

The Distribution and Abundance of the Bay Anchovy, Anchoa mitchilli, in a Southeast Texas Marsh Lake System

Planktivory as a selective force for reproductive synchrony and larval migration

Distribution of juvenile Uca pugnax and U. pugilator across habitats in a South Carolina estuary, assessed by molecular techniques

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