Shot the spots: A reliable field method for individual identification of Amolops formosus (Anura, Ranidae)

Patel, Naitik G.; Das, Abhijit

doi:10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e47279

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This study is one of the first comparing between two commonly used photo-matching algorithms to monitor reintroduced pool frog populations. Our results are comparable to similar studies with sample sizes ranging from 92 to 852 (Elgue et al, 2014;Sannolo et al, 2016;Treilibs et al, 2016;Gonzalez-Ramos,et al, 2017;Navarro et al, 2018;Patel & Das, 2020). Unlike other studies, we applied minimal operator effort (considering only the first potential matches presented as correct or not and only selecting the minimum requirement of 12 feature points when using I3S-Spot) to achieve our findings whereas others used greater levels of user effort (Sannolo et al, 2016;Treilibs et al, 2016;Matthé et al, 2017).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

“…There are now several automated software algorithms available that can aid this process and have been employed across a range of taxa, including amphibians (Elgue et al, 2014;Sannolo et al, 2016;Matthé et al, 2017;Speybroeck & Steenhoudt, 2017;Patel & Das, 2020), reptiles (Treilibs et al, 2016), large terrestrial mammals such as the Thornicroft's giraffe (Giraffa cameleopardalis thornicroft) (Halloran et al, 2014) and several species of elasmobranch (Gonzalez-Ramos et al, 2017;Navarro et al, 2018). However, such algorithms require varying amounts of input by the user and image quality (Yoshizaki et al, 2009;Halloran et al, 2014;Urian et al, 2015;Treilibs et al, 2016;Gonzalez-Ramos et al, 2017;Matthé et al, 2017;Gatto et al, 2018), data-set parameters (Matthé et al, 2017), morphological features of the study species (Yoshizaki et al, 2009;Urian et al, 2015;Matthé et al, 2017) and performance rates differ between software types.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Comparisons of image-matching software when identifying pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) individuals from a reintroduced population

Dawson

Panter

Zeisset³

2021

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Photographic identification of individual animals is a non-invasive and cost-effective method that can provide demographic information on wild populations. This study aims to compare two photo-matching algorithms (Wild- ID and I3S-Spot) using a reintroduced population of pool frogs (Pelophylax lessonae) in the UK as a case study. We compared the following parameters 1) sex and age, 2) image quality, 3) image collection size and 4) processing time to evaluate successful image match rates. There were no significant differences in successful match rates found between sex and age groups. Wild-ID was more sensitive to image quality than I3S-Spot. There was a significant negative relationship between image collection size and successful match rates for I3S-Spot, however, no such relationship for Wild-ID. The findings of our study can be used by conservation practitioners to reduce workload and improve accuracy during population monitoring activities.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Comparisons of image-matching software when identifying pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) individuals from a reintroduced population

Dawson

Panter

Zeisset³

2021

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“…Recently, it has been shown that HotSpotter can be used for identification of animals that were photographed from the distance (26). Therefore, apart from the general use in traditional population analyses, matching individuals from photos could also be used in citizen science projects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Green Toad Example: A Comparison of Pattern Recognition Software

Burgstaller¹,

Gollmann²,

Landler³

2020

Preprint

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Background Individual identification of animals is important for assessing the size and status of populations. Photo-based approaches, where animals are recognized by naturally occurring and visually identifiable features, such as color patterns, are cost-effective methods for this purpose. We compared five available programs for their power to semi-automatically identify dorsal patterns of the European green toad (Bufotes viridis). Method We created a data set of 200 pictures of known identity, two pictures for each individual, and analyzed the percentage of correctly identified animals for each software. Furthermore, we employed a generalized linear mixed model to identify important factors contributing to correct identifications. We used these results to estimate the population size of our hypothetical population. Conclusions The freely available HotSpotter application was the software which performed by far the best for our green toad example, identifying close to 100% of the photos correctly. The animals’ sex highly significantly influenced detection probability, presumably because of sex-specific differences in the pattern contrast. Population estimates were close to the expected 100 for HotSpotter, but for the other applications population size was highly overestimated. Given the clarity of our results we strongly recommend the HotSpotter software, which is a highly efficient tool for individual pattern recognition.

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“…2G & 2H) demonstrating that ontogenetic changes in colouration and markings are observable in this species. More work would be necessary to determine the extent of individual ontogenetic change, and at which point (if at all) adult colour pattern stabilises to assess the usefulness ofPatel & Das's (2020) technique for long term studies (over months or years).…”

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confidence: 99%

A review of torrent frogs ([i]Amolops[/i]: Ranidae) from Bhutan, the description of a new species, and reassessment of the taxonomic validity of some [i]A. viridimaculatus[/i] group species aided by archival DNA sequences of century-old type specimens

Mahony¹

2022

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Seven species of the Asian torrent frogs (genus Amolops) have previously been reported from the eastern Himalayan country of Bhutan. Species identifications from the region have been largely based on photographed animals with few voucher specimens available and no molecular sampling. Understanding the taxonomic status of Bhutan’s torrent frogs has also been hampered by the poorly understood distributional limits of species from surrounding regions. Herein we utilised molecular phylogenetic and morphological data for vouchered specimens from Bhutan and provide a complete literature review of all Amolops populations reported from the country. Phylogenetic relationships were estimated by combining available sequence data (from GenBank) with newly generated sequences from recently collected Bhutanese Amolops populations. We also obtained archival DNA sequences from the type specimens of Amolops formosus, A. himalayanus, and A. kaulbacki, collected between 82 and 151 years ago. Our comparative analyses revealed a large, new (to science) species of the Amolops viridimaculatus group from eastern Bhutan. Morphological examinations of related taxa revealed that A. senchalensis from India is not a synonym of A. marmoratus. Molecular phylogenetic results supplemented by morphological data unambiguously demonstrate i) that A. himalayanus is present in eastern Nepal, ii) the presence of a previously undocumented population of A. nepalicus in eastern Nepal, iii) a 200 km range extention for A. kaulbacki into Yunnan, China, iv) that A. gyirongensis should be considered a junior subjective synonym of A. formosus, and v) that A. splendissimus from Vietnam should be considered a junior subjective synonym of A. viridimaculatus. Based on our results, we expand the Amolops viridimaculatus group to include nine species, including A. formosus, A. himalayanus, A. kaulbacki, and the new species described herein. We provisionally include a further three species in the viridimaculatus group based on morphology, A. longimanus, A. nidorbellus, and A. senchalensis. Combining our data with the literature review allowed us to identify several unidentified Amolops species from recent phylogenetic studies and remove nine frog species (including Hyla, Sylvirana, and seven Amolops species) from Bhutan’s amphibian checklist. We recognise four species of Amolops in Bhutan, three of which cannot be confidently identified to the species level based on currently available data. Keywords: Anura, taxonomy, Himalayas, conservation, vouchered-specimens

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Shot the spots: A reliable field method for individual identification of Amolops formosus (Anura, Ranidae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Comparisons of image-matching software when identifying pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) individuals from a reintroduced population

Comparisons of image-matching software when identifying pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae) individuals from a reintroduced population

The Green Toad Example: A Comparison of Pattern Recognition Software

A review of torrent frogs ([i]Amolops[/i]: Ranidae) from Bhutan, the description of a new species, and reassessment of the taxonomic validity of some [i]A. viridimaculatus[/i] group species aided by archival DNA sequences of century-old type specimens

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