Moonhee Yang (Ph.D., University of Alabama) is a senior researcher, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, Seoul, Korea. David R. Roskos-Ewoldsen (Ph.D., Indiana University) is a professor of psychology, University of Alabama. Lucian Dinu (Ph.D., University of Alabama) is an assistant professor of communications, University of Louisiana. Laura M. Arpan (Ph.D., University of Alabama) is an associate professor of communications, Florida State University. Advertising, vol. 35, no. 4 (Winter 2006 Given the increasing practice of in-game advertising and its potential as an alternative advertising medium, surprisingly little research has been done regarding the effects of in-game advertising. Little is known about whether in-game advertising influences gamers' memory for the brand, attitude toward the brand, purchase behavior, and so forth. Clearly, players' awareness of the brand name is one of the important goals of in-game advertising (Nelson 2002). Therefore, the current study explored this virtually unresearched area and asked whether in-game advertising influences the memory of the players for the embedded brands, especially among college students-one of the groups that most frequently plays video games. In fact, 70% of college students report playing video games (Jones 2003). Following the practice established in television and movie research, the current study employed measures of both implicit (unconscious) memory (with a wordfragment completion test) and explicit (conscious) memory (with a recognition test) for ads placed in two popular sports games (Law and Braun 2000; Law and Braun-LaTour 2004; Yang, Roskos-Ewoldsen, and Roskos-Ewoldsen 2004). Testing two different types of memory for in-game advertising effectiveness is expected to benefit both scholars and practitioners in this area.
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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF "IN-GAME" ADVERTISINGComparing College Students' Explicit and Implicit Memory for Brand Names Moonhee Yang, David R. Roskos-Ewoldsen, Lucian Dinu, and Laura M. Arpan ABSTRACT: In-game advertising has become a major advertising outlet. The current study examined the effect of brand names placed in video games on college students' memory. Both implicit and explicit memory for brands placed in two sports computer games were tested using a word-fragment test and a recognition task, respectively. The results indicated that college students had low levels of explicit memory (recognition test) for the brands, but they showed implicit memory (word-fragment test) for the brand names placed in the video games.