Shrinkage and microstructure evolution during sintering of cemented carbides with alternative binders

Roulon, Zoé; Missiaen, Jean-Michel; Lay, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2021.105665

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…) [25,26]. The initial retardation of thermal expansion for the sample with FeNi binder at approximately 550°C coincides with the first mass change rate peak (see Figure 3(b)).…”

Section: Sintering Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The main reduction step of oxides of the binder phase is overlayed by debinding of paraffin (main mass loss step in the temperature range between 200°C and 400°C) [25,26]. The initial retardation of thermal expansion for the sample with FeNi binder at approximately 550°C coincides with the first mass change rate peak (see Figure 3(b)).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial retardation of thermal expansion for the sample with FeNi binder at approximately 550°C coincides with the first mass change rate peak (see Figure 3(b)). This effect can be explained by the reduction of surface oxides of these samples, as samples with Fe-binder to have the reduction of Fe-oxides shifted to higher temperatures [25]. The reduction of the oxides of the HEC phase obviously takes place during a broad temperature range between 600°C and °C (Figure 3(a,b)) and is most intensively in the temperature range of approximately 850–900°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different binder metals in high entropy carbide based hardmetals

et al. 2022

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High-entropy carbides (HEC) are a class of promising new hard phases for a sustainable improvement of hardmetal properties. In this work, hardmetals of the HEC (Ta,Nb,Ti,V,W)C were studied with two typical binder volume fractions of 16 and 24 vol-% consisting of Co, Ni and FeNi. The sintering behaviour, microstructure, phase composition, magnetic and mechanical properties are discussed and are compared to a conventional WC-Co hardmetal. It was shown that the HEC has a high-phase stability and that dense hardmetals with promising mechanical properties were obtained.

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“…) [25,26]. The initial retardation of thermal expansion for the sample with FeNi binder at approximately 550°C coincides with the first mass change rate peak (see Figure 3(b)).…”

Section: Sintering Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different binder metals in high entropy carbide based hardmetals

et al. 2022

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“…Additionally, the content of C must be carefully checked to avoid the formation of a graphite or η-phase in the sintered part (brittle) [ 69 ]. In this step, we have compared two alternative methods: treatment in H 2 up to 400 °C [ 70 ] and treatment in Argon (Ar) up to 900 °C [ 68 ]. The former approach (H 2 ) requires longer times but does not modify the C content (which can subsequently be set by adding virgin or recycled W, carbon black, Co powders).…”

Section: The Proposed Direct Recycling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Recycling of WC-Co Grinding Chip

et al. 2023

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Grinding is a finishing process for high precision, high surface quality parts, and hard materials, including tool fabrication and sharpening. The recycling of grinding scraps, which often contain rare and costly materials such as tungsten carbide (WC-Co), has been established for decades. However, there is a growing need for more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly recycling processes. Currently, grinding sludges, which are a mixture of abrasives, lubricants, and hard metal chips, are only treated through chemical recycling. Direct recycling (“reuse” of chips as raw material) is the most effective but not yet viable process due to the presence of contaminants. This paper presents an oil-free dry grinding process that produces high-quality chips (i.e., oil-free and with few contaminants, smaller than 60 mesh particle size) that can be directly recycled, as opposed to the oil-based wet grinding that generates sludges, which require indirect recycling. The proposed alternative recycling method is validated experimentally using WC-Co chips from a leading hard metals’ processing specialized company. The contaminant level (oxygen 0.8 wt.%, others < 0.4 wt.%), granulometry (chip D50 = 10.4 µm with grain size < 3 µm) and morphology of the recycled chips’ powder is comparable to commercial powders proving the research and industrial potential of direct recycling. The comparison of sintered products using recycled and commercial powder provided equivalent characteristics for hardness (HRA of 90.7, HV30 of 1430), porosity grade (A02-04) and grain size (<3 µm).

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“…Cemented carbides, as ceramic matrix composites consisting of carbide matrix (mainly WC, TiC, and TaC, etc.) and metal binders, have been widely used as cutting tools, molds, and mining and petroleum drilling tools due to their high hardness, strength, wear resistance, excellent oxidation resistance, and thermal stability [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. With the rapid development of the modern manufacturing industry, more crucial requirements, such as simultaneously high wear resistance and high toughness, are being put forward on the performance of cemented carbides [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Properties of Coated Cutters on Functionally Graded WC-Co/Ni-Zr Substrates with FCC Phase Enriched Surfaces

Xue

Chen

et al. 2021

Crystals

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Currently, the research on mechanical behavior and cutting performance of functionally graded carbides is quite limited, which limits the rapid development of high-performance cemented carbide cutting tools. Based on WC-Co-Zr and WC-Ni-Zr, this study synthesized two kinds of cemented carbide cutters, i.e., the cemented carbide cutters with homogeneous microstructure and functionally graded carbide (FGC) cutters with FCC phase ZrN-enriched surfaces. Furthermore, TiAlN coating has been investigated on these carbide cutters. Mechanical behavior, friction, wear performance, and cutting behavior have been investigated for these coated carbides and their corresponding substrates. It was found that, as compared with coated cutters on WC-Co/Ni-Zr carbide substrates with homogeneous microstructures, the coated cutters on WC-Co/Ni-Zr FGC substrates with FCC phase-enriched surfaces show higher wear resistance and cutting life, and the wear mechanism during cutting is mainly adhesion wear.

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Shrinkage and microstructure evolution during sintering of cemented carbides with alternative binders

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of different binder metals in high entropy carbide based hardmetals

Influence of different binder metals in high entropy carbide based hardmetals

Direct Recycling of WC-Co Grinding Chip

Study on the Properties of Coated Cutters on Functionally Graded WC-Co/Ni-Zr Substrates with FCC Phase Enriched Surfaces

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