Sialic acid-engineered mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with SPIO and Fe3+ as a novel theranostic agent for T1/T2 dual-mode MRI-guided combined chemo-photothermal treatment of hepatic cancer

Abstract

Hepatic cancer is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Theranostic agents with effective diagnostic and therapeutic capability are highly needed for the treatment of hepatic cancer. Herein, we aimed to develop a novel mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA)-based theranostic agent for T1/T2 dual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided cancer chemo-photothermal therapy. Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-loaded MPDA NPs (MPDA@SPIO) was firstly prepared, followed by modifying with a targeted molecule of sialic acid (SA) and chelating with Fe 3+ (SA-MPDA@SPIO/Fe 3+ NPs). After that, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded SA-MPDA@SPIO/Fe 3+ NPs (SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe 3+ ) was prepared for tumor theranostics. The prepared SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/Fe 3+ NPs were water-dispersible and biocompatible as evidenced by MTT assay. In vitro photothermal and relaxivity property suggested that the novel theranostic agent possessed excellent photothermal conversion capability and photostability, with relaxivity of being r 1 = 4.29 mM −1 s −1 and r 2 = 105.53 mM −1 s −1 , respectively. SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/Fe 3+ NPs could effectively encapsulate the DOX, showing dual pH- and thermal-triggered drug release behavior. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed that SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe 3+ NPs could effectively target to the hepatic tumor tissue, which was possibly due to the specific interaction between SA and the overexpressed E-selectin. This behavior also endowed SA-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe 3+ NPs with a more precise T1-T2 dual mode contrast imaging effect than the one without SA modification. In addition, SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe 3+ NPs displayed a superior therapeutic effect, which was due to its active targeting ability and combined effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. These results demonstrated that SAPEG-MPDA@SPIO/DOX/Fe 3+ NPs is an effective targeted nanoplatform for tumor theranostics, having potential value in the effective treatment of hepatic cancer.

Intelligent Molybdenum Disulfide Complexes as a Platform for Cooperative Imaging‐Guided Tri‐Mode Chemo‐Photothermo‐Immunotherapy

“…[ 16 ] In general, PTT based on the single use of photothermal agents is quite limited due to the low treatment efficiency and side effects in avoiding malignant tumor metastasis and recurrence. [ 17 ] For effective cancer therapy, PTT has been combined with chemotherapy by integrating photothermal agents, such as gold nanostars, [ 18 ] molybdenum disulfide nanoflakes (MoS 2 ), [ 19 ] or conducting polymers [ 20 ] with chemotherapeutic drugs. [ 21 ] For instance, in a recent study, Zhang and co‐workers developed polydopamine (PDA)‐coated gold nanorods that can be loaded with cisplatin (Pt) through covalent coordination for effective combination of PTT and chemotherapy.…”

A Melanin-like Nanoenzyme for Acute Lung Injury Therapy via Suppressing Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response

“…Endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by calcium overload and excess ROS are considered to be two important pathological mechanisms of inflammatory response syndrome in ALI [11,29,30]. Melanin-like nanoenzymes are a series of macromolecules that contain phenolic hydroxyl and amino and imino acids in its structural units, which have been shown to have the functions of light protection [22], free radical capture [20], and photothermal conversion [31].…”

Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Hyperthermia as a Treatment Option in Various Gastrointestinal Malignancies

“…Histopathological analysis demonstrated high necrotic rates as well as complete response rates in 37.5% of the cases. Affirming the potential of combined thermo-chemotherapy using doxorubicin and PDA-SPION, Shu et al observed greater in vitro cytotoxicity of such thermo-chemotherapy compared with either therapy alone [65]. In vivo experiments on a heterotopic HepG xenograft model as combined therapy likewise accounted for better treatment response, since combined therapy resulted in noteworthy tumor volume reduction, whereas exclusive chemo-or photothermal therapy solely attenuated tumor growth.…”