Sialic acid in cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Sialic acid, the acylated derivatives of 9-carbon sugar neuraminic acid, present as terminal component of oligosaccharide chains of many glycoproteins and glycolipids, has been recognized to be involved in the regulation of a great variety of biological phenomena. Studies have shown that serum sialic acid predicts both coronary heart disease and stroke mortality and reflects the existence or activity of an atherosclerotic process. Most of the studies have shown an elevation in serum sialic acid concentration in coronary heart disease and a positive correlation between the raised serum sialic acid and the severity of the coronary lesions is observed. However, a few contradictory reports are also available. Racial differences in serum sialic acid have also been reported and correlated with international differences in the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Reduced sialic acid content of platelets, erythrocytes and lipoproteins may play important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Elucidation of the mechanism of alternation in sialic acid concentration may throw more light on its potential clinical utility. Hence more studies are needed to designate sialic acid as a cardiovascular risk factor / marker.

Small dense and desialylated low density lipoprotein in diabetic patients

“…[15,16,18] The higher prevalence of small dense LDL has been associated with cardiovascular events, acute ischemic stroke onset, and short-term mortality after acute ischemic stroke. [33][34][35][36] Our data demonstrate that in the blood of the same patient, there are at least two distinct forms of LDL differing by particle size and density. Obviously, the LDL pattern would strongly depend on what LDL fraction prevails in circulation.…”

“…[12,23,32] Several studies have reported an elevation of sialic acid serum levels in CHD patients, and also on its correlation with the severity of the coronary lesions. [33] Diabetic patients' LDL, by the first approach, appeared to have a decreased level of sialic acid, and further investigations have shown that this was due to an increased proportion of desialylated LDL fraction in patients' blood and a greater extent of its desialylation. [13,14] This LDL fraction was also characterized by increased non-enzymatic glycation and altered lipid composition, namely, decreased content of esterified cholesterol and elevated level of lyso-phospholipids.…”

The Protective Role Of Resveratrol On Serum Total Sialic Acid And Lipid-Bound Sialic Acid In Female Rats With Chronic Fluorosis

“…Sialic acids, which is found in surface of several cells and its responsible for antigenic characteristic, should be an important component of glycolipids and glycoproteins (21). It is found in several fluids such as plasma, gastric secretion, urine and also tissues such as erythrocyte, leucocytes, colon, and stomach in the body (14). Serum sialic acid level was increased in certain diseases and it might be used as a tumor marker in several diseases.…”

“…Statistical analysis showed that the NaF group was significantly higher than the control group with regards to LSA (17 (13). Studies have also shown that serum total sialic acid is elevated in cardiovascular disease (14). Purpose of our study is to investigate effect of resveratrol on LSA and TSA levels in chronic fluorosis.…”

Elevated levels of serum sialic acid and C-reactive protein: markers of systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

“…10 The sialic acid levels may be influenced by inflammation, neoplastic or inborn genetic disorder. 11 It is found that Sialic acid can be used as a measurement of the acute phase response because many proteins of the immune response are actually glycoproteins, and these glycoproteins have sialic acid as the terminal sugar on their oligosaccharide chain. Serum sialic acid is a marker of the acute-phase response being produced by the liver, stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α.…”