Sickerwassergewinnung mittels Saugkerzen – eine Literaturstudie

Grossmann, J. Günter; Quentin, K. E.; Udluft, Peter

doi:10.1002/jpln.19871500412

Cited by 24 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Therefore, these measurements could be highly uncertain because of an imbalance of NO À 3 ions in the ceramic cups and a tendency to underestimate N concentrations on an average of 8% compared with free drainage systems (Erhart et al, 2007). Additionally, the composition of these soil-water samples is highly dependent on applied vacuum, connected soil pores, and preferential flows around the ceramic suction cups (Grossmann et al, 1987). Finally, comparison between highly variable observations (up to ± 30%; Erhart et al, 2007) Harvested N / g N m -2 y -1 7 (± 1.5) e 4.3 (± 1.6) 30 (± 2.4) d 21 (± 5.1) a mean values from the "Karkendamm" project per seepage period (Büchter, 2003) b product of mean simulated vertical flow and measured NO3N concentrations to evaluate the error of the N submodel c calculated from measurements (1997)(1998)(1999) (Ingwersen, 2002), linear regression for 2000 and 2001 d estimated from measurements of a clover-grass plot with 61% Lolium Perenne L. and 5% Trifolium repens L. of d.w., mineral N-fertilizer rate of 300 kg N ha -1 y -1 (Trott, 2003) e measurements (1997)(1998)(1999) (Ingwersen, 2002) f published value (Büchter, 2003) without information about s.d.…”

Section: Nitrate-n Leaching Below the Rooting Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

A test of CoupModel for assessing the nitrogen leaching in grassland systems with two different fertilization levels

Conrad

Fohrer

2009

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Land-use and crop-biomass development influence water and nutrient dynamics in soils. Nitrate-N leaching rises with increasing mineral-N input during seepage periods in sandy soils. Leaching of N was simulated for two grassland treatments (N0: unfertilized; N300: highly fertilized: 300 kg mineral N ha -1 y -1 ) using CoupModel. Parameter uncertainty was considered by an automated calibration based on the General Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) approach. The results of this optimization approach showed a realistic reproduction of abiotic and biotic patterns of the system. Modeled abiotic parameters, i.e., soil temperatures and water contents in different soil depths, led to plausible results with minor differences between fertilization levels and some respect for discrepancies due to heterogeneous soil conditions. Groundwater levels were slightly underestimated by CoupModel with a smoother dynamic than measured in both treatments. CoupModel provided plausible results for nitrate-N concentrations below the rooting zone at 60 cm depth with higher uncertainty ranges than standard deviations of the measurements. Simulated nitrate-N concentrations of the unfertilized grassland confirmed the measurements, and no potential environmental risk for water bodies existed according to the standards of the European Drinking Water Directive. The model reproduced satisfactorily the observations for the N300 system with a slightly overestimation in 40% of the simulated seepage periods. Higher uncertainties were found for the simulated N300 than for the N0 plot. Modeled N flows below the rooting zone of 11 kg nitrate-N ha -1 per seepage period were comparable to calculations of the model "Büchter" with a mean of 10 kg nitrate-N ha -1 . For the N300 plot, a more than twice as high N-leaching amount of 74 kg nitrate-N ha -1 was modeled compared to a calculated average of 30 kg nitrate-N ha -1 . Finally, small-scale modeling can provide plausible results for nitrate-N leaching on plot-scale when uncertainties in soil water, N flows, and biomass growth are considered.

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Section: Nitrate-n Leaching Below the Rooting Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

A test of CoupModel for assessing the nitrogen leaching in grassland systems with two different fertilization levels

Conrad

Fohrer

2009

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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“…1). (Bottcher et al, 1984;Schimmack et al, 1984;Rassmussen et al, 1986;Grossmann et al, 1987). Kerzen aus Keramik bzw.…”

Section: Verfahren Und Gerateunclassified

“…Kerzen aus Keramik bzw. AI2O3 -Sintermaterial besitzen groBere Sorptionseigenschaften, vor allem zu A1-, P-und Fe-Ionen, die besonders vom pH-Wert und Gehalt an loslichen C-Verbindungen der Bodenlosung beeinfluBt werden (Hadrich et al, 1977;Grossmann et al, 1987).…”

Section: Verfahren Und Gerateunclassified

“…Bodenlosungen konnen mit Lysimeter-und Saugkerzenanlagen gewonnen werden (Czeratzki, 1971;Grossmann et al, 1987;Grossmann, 1988;DVWK, 1980DVWK, , 1981DVWK, , 1990Mayer, 1989;Schmidt et al, 1995). Bei Verwendung von nicht tensionsgesteuerten Saugkerzenanlagen sind jedoch methodisch bedingte Fehlerquellen nicht auszuschlieBen, da infolge des konstant permanenten Druckgefalles FlieBwege im Boden entstehen, welche die Bodenlosungsprobe verandern konnen (DVWK, 1990).…”

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Tensionsgesteuerte saugkerzenanlage zur untersuchung der wasser‐und stoffdynamik im boden

Schmidt

Seyfarth²,

Hoyer³

et al. 1998

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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Eine neuentwickelte tensionsgesteuerte Saugkerzenanlage wird vorgestellt, die für Untersuchungen der Wasser-und Stoffdynamik in der Land-und Forstwirtschaft sowie Wasser-und Abfallwirtschaft eingesetzt werden kann. Es wird auf methodische Probleme hingewiesen, die bei Verwendung unterschiedlicher Saugkerzen-und Anlagetypen auftreten können. Unter Schwarz-und Grünbrache auf einem Sandstandort wurden Erprobungsuntersuchungen mit dieser Anlage und einer nicht tensionsgesteuerten Vergleichsanlage (konstantes Vakuum) durchgeführt. Mit der tensionsgesteuerten Saugkerzenanlage wurde Bodenlosung mit hoher Reprasentanz gewonnen und für die chemische Analyse zur Ermittlung der Stoffkonzentration bereitgestellt. Die Bodenlösungsprobe war kleiner und wies auch häufig geringere Ionenkonzentration als bei der nicht tensionsgesteuerten Anlage auf. Unter Schwarzbrache wurden größere Bodenlösungsmengen und Ionenkonzentrationen gemessen.A new tension-controlled suction probe was developed to investigate water and solute flow in agriculture and forest soils as well as in the fields of water and waste management. Methodological problems are pointed out that may occur when using 398 O. SCHMIDT et at. different suction cells and unit types. On sandy soils currently in use as lea and bare fallow investigations with this equipment were carried out and compared with nontension-controlled suction equipment (permanent vacuum). Using the tension-controlled equipment highly representive samples of the soil solution were collected for further analysis of different element concentrations. In this case both the amount of the collected soil solution as well as the measured ion concentrations were smaller compared to the non-tension-controlled suction equipment. In bare fallow soils higher amounts of soil solution and ion concentrations were measured.

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Sorption of trace metals by suction cups of aluminium oxide, ceramic and plastics

Grossmann

Bredemeier²,

Udluft³

1990

J Plant Nutrition & Soil

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The sorption properties of ceramic, aluminium oxide and plastic suction cups in respect to trace metals (Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) were compared in laboratory and field experiments. The sorption effect is determined by the level of the cation exchange capacity of the cup material, the pH‐value of the soil solution, the content of dissolved organic carbon, the sampling rate and the sampled volume. Sorption was generally negligible only in case of cobalt, manganese and nickel. At low pH‐values no retention of trace metals occurred with the exception of lead in the aluminium oxide and the ceramic cups. At pH‐values of about 8 cadmium and zinc were strongly sorbed only by aluminium oxide and ceramic cups whereas beryllium, copper and lead were markedly sorbed at this pH‐range by all cup types. These results are only valid for the boundary conditions used. Whenever a suction cup's suitability is in doubt it should be tested after a conditioning procedure using realistic boundary conditions.

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Sickerwassergewinnung mittels Saugkerzen – eine Literaturstudie

Cited by 24 publications

References 33 publications

A test of CoupModel for assessing the nitrogen leaching in grassland systems with two different fertilization levels

A test of CoupModel for assessing the nitrogen leaching in grassland systems with two different fertilization levels

Tensionsgesteuerte saugkerzenanlage zur untersuchung der wasser‐und stoffdynamik im boden

Sorption of trace metals by suction cups of aluminium oxide, ceramic and plastics

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