Side-bounce beamlines using single-reflection diamond monochromators at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source

Abstract

The design and implementation of new beamlines featuring side-bounce (single-reflection) diamond monochromators at Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) are described. Undulator radiation is monochromated using an interchangeable set of diamond crystal plates reflecting radiation in the horizontal (synchrotron) plane, where each crystal plate is set to one of the low-index Bragg reflections (111, 220, 311 and 400) in either Bragg or Laue reflection geometries. At the nominal Bragg angle of 18° these reflections deliver monochromated X-rays with photon energies of 9.7, 15.9, 18.65 and 22.5 keV, respectively. An X-ray mirror downstream of the diamond monochromator is used for rejection of higher radiation harmonics and for initial focusing of the monochromated beam. The characteristics of the X-ray beam entering the experimental station were measured experimentally and compared with the results of simulations. A reasonable agreement is demonstrated. It is shown that the use of selected high-dislocation-density `mosaic' diamond single-crystal plates produced using the chemical vapor deposition method yields a few-fold enhancement in the flux density of the monochromated beam in comparison with that delivered by perfect crystals under the same conditions. At present, the Functional Materials Beamline at CHESS, which is used for time-resolved in situ characterization of soft materials during processing, has been outfitted with the described setup.

Mapping Crystallization Kinetics during 3D Printing of Poly(ether ether ketone)

“…Experiments were conducted using a custom FFF system (Figure a) installed at the Functional Materials Beamline (FMB) of the Materials Solutions Network at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (MSN-C). An X-ray beam energy of 9.7 keV (λ = 0.128 nm) was selected using the 111 reflection of a single-bounce HPHT diamond monochromator. , Harmonic rejection and vertical focusing are provided by a 1-m long, bendable, mirror located approximately 7 m upstream of the experimental hutch at an incident angle of 4 milliradians. The degree of vertical focusing of this mirror was tuned to optimize incident flux onto a compound refractive lens (CRL) system (RxOptics GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) centered ∼28 cm upstream of the sample position, resulting in a focused beam on the sample of approximately 2 × 10 10 photons s –1 in a (3 × 15) μm 2 beam.…”

Chiroptical Strain Sensors from Electrospun Cadmium Sulfide Quantum-Dot Fibers

“…These measurements were carried out at the Functional Materials Beamline (FMB) of the Materials Solutions Network at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (MSN-C). An X-ray beam energy of 9.7 keV (λ = 1.28 Å) was selected using the 111 reflection of a single-bounce, HPHT diamond monochromator . Harmonic rejection and vertical focusing are provided by a 1 m long, bendable, rhodium-coated monochromatic mirror located approximately 7 m upstream of the experimental hutch at an incident angle of 4 milliradians.…”

“…An X-ray beam energy of 9.7 keV (λ = 1.28 Å) was selected using the 111 reflection of a single-bounce, HPHT diamond monochromator. 51 Harmonic rejection and vertical focusing are provided by a 1 m long, bendable, rhodium-coated monochromatic mirror located approximately 7 m upstream of the experimental hutch at an incident angle of 4 milliradians. Experiments were carried out in "bulk-beam" mode, and the monochromatic mirror was used to focus the beam into a spot approximately 0.08 × 0.5 mm 2 at the sample position, with a total flux of approximately 10 12 photons/second at 100 mA beam current.…”

Controlling Anti-Penetration Performance by Post-Grafting of Fluorinated Alkyl Chains onto Polystyrene-block-poly(vinyl methyl siloxane)

“…The SAXS measurements were carried out at the Functional Materials Beamline (FMB) of the Materials Solutions Network at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (MSN-C). An X-ray beam energy of 9.7 keV (λ = 1.28 Å) was selected using the 111 reflection of a single-bounce, HPHT diamond monochromator . Harmonic rejection and vertical focusing are provided by a 1 m long, bendable, rhodium-coated monochromatic mirror located approximately 7 m upstream of the experimental hutch at an incident angle of 4 milliradians.…”

“…An X-ray beam energy of 9.7 keV (λ = 1.28 Å) was selected using the 111 reflection of a singlebounce, HPHT diamond monochromator. 70 Harmonic rejection and vertical focusing are provided by a 1 m long, bendable, rhodiumcoated monochromatic mirror located approximately 7 m upstream of the experimental hutch at an incident angle of 4 milliradians. Experiments were carried out in "bulk-beam" mode, and the monochromatic mirror was used to focus the beam into a spot approximately 0.08 × 0.5 mm 2 at the sample position, with a total flux of approximately 109 photons/s at 100 mA beam current.…”