Sight Distance for Stop-Controlled Intersections Based on Gap Acceptance

Harwood, D W; Mason, J M; Brydia, R E

doi:10.3141/1701-05

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In an outdoor environment, building intersections usually have cut or rounded corners because pedestrians or drivers need sufficient sight distance to decide whether it is safe to turn. The corner curvature at junctions was suggested to be calculated according to the sight triangle principle, which depends on the reflection time and moving speed of the people ( Supplementary Figure 2 ; Harwood et al, 1996 ; Easa, 2000 ). In an online survey involving floor plan images ( Veeraswamy et al, 2011 ), 1,166 participants were instructed to imagine themselves escaping from a maze and needing to choose between two corridors with the same length but different corner types (curved versus orthogonal).…”

Section: Wayfinding Access-related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Effective Corridor Design to Improve Wayfinding in Underground Malls

Zhang

Park

2021

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In retail space, wayfinding difficulties can cause problems, such as loss of time, stress, or discomfort, negatively affecting the shopping experience of consumers and even their patronage intentions. Although studies have reported that space configuration may facilitate navigation, there has been a lack of detailed discussion, particularly in underground malls, where people often encounter wayfinding issues. In this study, a series of exit-finding tasks in virtual malls were simulated to determine if it was practical to encourage turn taking by changing the corridor width, length, height, or angle. The results showed that people have a right-turn preference during exit finding. Moreover, exit-finders mostly prefer taking the upward pathway via stairs followed by corridors with broader widths or curved corners, exhibiting visible and similar navigation effects. Shorter corridors have a visible but relatively small affinity. This study provides some empirical evidence of how the corridor configuration influences the turn taking of people and provides a theoretical reference for adding a guiding function to the spatial arrangement in underground malls.

show abstract

Section: Wayfinding Access-related Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Effective Corridor Design to Improve Wayfinding in Underground Malls

Zhang

Park

2021

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Source: Harwood et al (2000) As defined in the Highway Capacity Manual (TRB, 2000), the critical gap, tc, is the minimum time interval for the major-street traffic stream that allows intersection entry for one minor-street vehicle. For a two-way, stop-controlled intersection, base values for the critical gaps are shown in Table 2.7.…”

Section: Table 26: Comparison Of Gap-acceptance Field Study Results mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longer sight distances were recommended for minor-road approaches with sufficient truck volumes to warrant consideration of a truck as the design vehicle (see Table 2.5). Based on the analyses, Harwood et al (2000) indicated that gap acceptance appears to be an appropriate basis for intersection sight-distance criteria for both passenger cars and trucks. The values shown in Table 2.5 also represent the current Green Book time-gap recommendations for left turns from a stop at locations where the minor road is stop-controlled and the major road is not (AASHTO, 2011).…”

Section: Critical Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The values shown in Table 2.5 also represent the current Green Book time-gap recommendations for left turns from a stop at locations where the minor road is stop-controlled and the major road is not (AASHTO, 2011). Source: Harwood et al (2000) Note that the recommended gap-acceptance values by Harwood et al have been based on the critical gap with a probability of acceptance by the minor-road driver of 50 percent. Harwood et al (2000) compared gap-acceptance results from various studies, as summarized in Table 2.6.…”

Section: Critical Gapmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Road Cross Section on Access Spacing

Dixon¹,

Zhou²,

Gattis³

2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Type of Report and Period CoveredFinal Report Sponsoring Agency Code Supplementary Notes AbstractThis report presents a study on the influences of select cross-sectional-related design elements (specifically median configurations and bicycle lanes) and their impact on crash severity and type, as well as the associated driver gap acceptance for turning maneuvers at midblock driveway locations on urban arterials. The primary goal of this proposed research is to better understand how the median and bicycle lane configurations can influence safety and operations at driveway locations.The research team utilized crash data, traffic data, and roadway information from driveway locations in the U.S. states of Oregon, Arkansas and Oklahoma. The project team supplemented the data with digital videos acquired during field studies of the sites. The traffic videos helped the research team better understand how road features and traffic influenced driver behavior at selected urban arterial driveway locations. As part of this effort, the research team conducted gap-acceptance studies to determine the critical gaps for driveway locations at arterial roads with and without bicycle lanes. The research team evaluated four different critical gap analysis methods to estimate the driveway operations and noted potential procedural biases associated with two of the techniques. The report describes these field studies and summarizes how the gap acceptance varied at the different arterial driveway locations. The research team also performed simulation analysis in CORSIM in order to examine the influence that median type, traffic volume, and access density have on traffic operational performance.

show abstract

“…The geometric design guide of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) suggests a methodology for computing intersection sight distance for TWSC intersections ( 1 ). The methodology is based on Harwood et al, who assume that the departing driver on the minor road needs a fixed time gap, t app , regardless of the speed on the major road ( 2, 3 ). The method also assumes that the departing driver can estimate the time needed to clear the intersection, t dep .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised Method for Calculating Departure Sight Distance at Two-Way Stop-Controlled (TWSC) Intersections

Dabbour

Easa

2021

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper introduces realistic acceleration profiles for light-duty vehicles departing from rest at two-way stop-controlled (TWSC) intersections where minor roads (controlled by stop signs) intersect with uncontrolled major roads. The new profiles are based on current vehicle characteristics and driver behavior patterns. They are established based on actual field data collected using global positioning system data loggers that recorded the positional and speed data of various experimental vehicles starting from rest at TWSC intersections. Acceleration profiles are established in this paper and are used to develop a revised method for calculating the departure sight distance at TWSC intersections. Design tables were created to provide realistic sight distance values at TWSC intersections for different design speeds and number of lanes on the major road. It was found that the current values of intersection sight distance suggested by the design guides may be inadequate. Such values may force some approaching drivers on the major road to reduce their speeds or move to different traffic lanes to avoid conflicting with the departing vehicles. These maneuvers may have negative impacts on traffic safety. Therefore, implementing the revised method for calculating intersection sight distance, as presented in this paper, may ultimately reduce traffic collisions at TWSC intersections.

show abstract

Sight Distance for Stop-Controlled Intersections Based on Gap Acceptance

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Study of Effective Corridor Design to Improve Wayfinding in Underground Malls

Study of Effective Corridor Design to Improve Wayfinding in Underground Malls

Influence of Road Cross Section on Access Spacing

Revised Method for Calculating Departure Sight Distance at Two-Way Stop-Controlled (TWSC) Intersections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About