“…Word identification occurs by (a) identifying a word by sight, (b) predicting what the word might be, (c) using similar sound elements to read new words (i.e., analogy), and (d) decoding the parts of a word (Caldwell, 2010). Several sight word strategies have been identified within the literature as evidence-based (e.g., Ledford, Gast, Luscre, & Ayres, 2008;McGee, Krantz, & McClannahan, 1986); however, one limitation is that students were unable to read words that had not been explicitly taught (Spector, 2011). Predicting words based on initial letters, accompanying pictures, or background knowledge becomes more difficult as upper grade level texts increase in complexity and generally include fewer pictures (Colin, Magnan, Ecalle, & Leybaert, 2007), and because students with ASD may have limited background knowledge/ interest on the topic being read (Travers et al, 2011).…”